”Orthopedics” and “orthopedic surgery”, as familiar words, are very close to almost everyone, however, what does orthopedic disease include? When should you go to a hospital to see an orthopedic surgeon? When should one seek a Chinese medicine doctor? When should I seek a Western doctor? The usual questions about orthopedics, such as these, often confuse the majority of orthopedic patients and make them hesitant in making decisions. Orthopedics, or orthopedic surgery, is a discipline that studies the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic injuries to bones and joints and their surrounding soft tissues. Orthopedic diseases include traumatic diseases and chronic orthopedic diseases. The most common of traumatic diseases is fracture, including fracture of various parts of the limbs and spine is common in the clinic; followed by dislocation of various joints, including total dislocation and semi-dislocation; and what is easily overlooked is soft tissue, including muscle and ligament injuries. Chronic bone diseases have a large scope and many types, and their onset is relatively insidious, so they are often overlooked, or often discovered only at a later stage of the disease. Simple and common types include: spinal diseases and joint diseases, such as cervical spondylosis, lumbar intervertebral herniation, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis, etc.; congenital diseases such as congenital hip dislocation, congenital patella congenital diseases such as congenital hip dislocation, congenital patellar dislocation, bunion, etc.; septic inflammation of bone and joint such as myelitis, etc.; tuberculosis of bone and joint such as lumbar spine tuberculosis and joint tuberculosis, etc.; osteonecrosis diseases such as femoral head necrosis, etc.; bursa and head sheath diseases: bursitis, tendon sheath cyst, tenosynovitis, etc.; bone tumor and bone tumor-like diseases such as bone cyst, bone giant cell tumor, bone sarcoma, metastatic bone cancer, etc. Traumatic diseases have a clear history of trauma and the symptoms are more urgent, so the consultation time is quicker and the patient is often treated in the emergency room of the hospital. The physician will conduct a physical examination to initially determine the site of injury and further use X-rays, CTs and even MRIs to assist in the diagnosis. It is important to note that in the case of simple sprains and falls, there is often only one site of injury, while in the case of traffic and assault injuries, the injury may be multiple, and since injuries to the skull, chest, and abdomen can be life-threatening, it is necessary to clearly describe the injury scenario to the physician. As a chronic bone disease, you should master the principle of loving the body and treating the disease early, once there is discomfort, should be early diagnosis and treatment, such as pain in the joints, spine parts, generally will first go to orthopedics to see, and for some symptoms that do not seem to be related to orthopedics, such as headache and dizziness, numbness in the hands and legs, sweating and insomnia, sometimes also associated with orthopedic disease, need to be under the guidance of a physician, one by one to check. With the development of science and technology, there are more and more treatments for orthopedic diseases, and the efficacy is improving. In general, the methods of treatment can be categorized into two types: surgical and non-surgical, and whether a particular disease requires surgery, in addition to some basic principles, is related to each physician’s degree of knowledge and experience in the treatment of this disease, and therefore the indications mastered are different, especially since the current disciplines are becoming more and more subdivided, and if it is not a certain doctor’s field of study, even a famous expert may not be able to provide the the best method available. In fact, there is no superiority or inferiority between the two types of treatment, only the difference between appropriate and inappropriate, as long as the right symptoms, the same efficacy can be achieved, and at the same time, in many cases there is a complementary role, Chinese hospital physicians many surgeries are completed very well, while the Western hospital physicians also often use patients very recognized Chinese medicine. Specifically, surgery for traumatic diseases mainly includes incision and internal fixation, while non-surgical procedures include closed reset plaster and splint fixation, and there is also an external fixation frame which is between incision and closure, only piercing needle fixation, which can be generally combined with some Chinese herbal medicines to activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, strengthen tendons and bones. Because of the complexity of chronic bone diseases, it is necessary to choose the treatment method only after the diagnosis is clear. For acute or serious lesions such as spinal cervical spondylosis, septic disease, tumor, etc., the possibility of choosing surgery is higher, while for other diseases, it is better to choose non-surgical first, mainly including drugs, physical therapy, Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, rehabilitation exercises, etc. In short, orthopedic diseases as a class of common diseases, many people will encounter in daily life, I hope that the “brand bone disease” version can provide readers with a wealth of relevant knowledge, improve the ability to identify and prevent diseases.