We call children whose height is less than 2 standard deviations from the normal growth curve for children of the same age as dwarfism. Several common factors are: 1. Insufficient secretion of growth hormone. Commonly pituitary or hypothalamus dysplasia or occupancy (tumor), or idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.
2. Defective synthesis of insulin-like growth factor or insensitivity to it.
3. Growth hormone insensitivity or resistance syndrome.
4. Intrauterine dysplasia. This is manifested by birth weight and/or length that does not correspond to gestational age.
5.Long-term chronic diseases leading to short stature, such as severe heart disease, chronic diarrhea, intractable nephrotic syndrome, certain congenital genetic metabolic diseases, etc.
6.Psychosomatic diseases, such as family discord and excessive long-term mental stress to the child.
7, family hereditary short stature.
8, congenital hypothyroidism long-term untreated.
9.Physical delay in puberty (usually called late growth).
10, congenital abnormal bone development.