The new mother for the first time holding their own little baby, the heart must be full of happiness and joy, in the face of the delicate baby, young parents have to be careful to take care of. However, the newborn baby will show some strange physiological phenomena, these phenomena will often cause parents to be nervous, or even panic. Understand these physiological phenomena of infants and young children undoubtedly have to start from the “head”, the little baby common “head” number of problems are: one of the number of problems, fetal scale When babies are born, there is a layer of oil on the surface of the skin, is the skin and epithelial cell secretion of the yellowish-white color. The yellowish-white substance formed by the secretions of the skin and epithelial cells is commonly known as “fetal dirt” or “fetal fat”. The sebaceous glands of the baby’s scalp secrete exuberantly, and if not washed in time, these secretions will accumulate with the dirt on the scalp, forming a thick layer of scabs over time. Therefore, the formation of fetal scale and the mother’s care work is not in place has a close relationship. Tips from experts: After the newborn fell asleep at night, parents can use baby lotion gently rubbed on the skin with scalp, after a night of moisturizing, can make the scalp soft, the next day and then gently comb the scabs with a small comb, or gently wiped with gauze, the scabs will fall off, and then use baby shampoo with warm water to wash the baby’s scalp, and then use a towel to cover the head of the child until the hair dries out. Note that you must not use a comb to hard scrape or hand picking, it is easy to break the baby scalp, resulting in secondary infection, if the tire scale is very thick, can repeat the above practice 2 to 3 times, can be completely removed. The old people usually think that the fetal dirt can not be uncovered, for fear of touching the fontanel, will hurt the child’s brain, or fontanel is easy to get cold and sick, in fact, there is no scientific basis. The number two problem, the birth tumor Some newborns after birth, the head can be touched to a bulging “bag”, feel soft with the hand, the pressure of the depression, this “bag” is called the birth tumor. The occurrence of birth tumor is due to maternal delivery, uterine contraction and birth canal extrusion, fetal head skin, subcutaneous tissue blood circulation is impeded, local congestion, edema and ecchymosis, and even part of the skull will overlap to make the fetal head temporarily elongated and deformed, the emergence of subcutaneous hematomas, medically known as the birth tumor. Tips from experts: The tumor will disappear on its own within a few days after birth and does not need special treatment. Hematoma will not affect the baby’s intelligence. Because this kind of bleeding only occurs outside the skull, not intracranial hemorrhage, and did not affect the brain cells, the tumor does not affect the baby’s intelligence, and there will be no after-effects. You can keep your child’s head clean normally, and it is permissible to wash and bathe your child gently. You should pay attention to just don’t rub the lump on your child’s head with your hands, don’t do improper treatment such as cold compress, hot compress and so on. The number three problem, cephalohematoma This often occurs in difficult labor, due to the need to use fetal head attractor or forceps to assist delivery, so that the newborn pressure parts of the skull under the periosteum of the blood vessel destruction and hemorrhage to form a mass, commonly known as the newborn pressure parts of the skull under the periosteum of the blood vessel destruction and hemorrhage to form a mass, commonly known as the newborn cephalohematoma. Cephalohematoma and natal tumor are both manifested as a bulge in the head of the newborn, and they are differentiated by the fact that the natal tumor bulge is not sharply delineated, and it usually absorbs and disappears on its own within 1-2 days, and leaves no traces. The bulge of cranial hematoma has clear boundaries, will not exceed the bone seam, and the absorption of hematoma is slower, sometimes as long as 2 months. Expert advice: cranial hematoma do not need special treatment, do not rub and press, should pay attention to observe the changes in the size of the mass, such as becoming larger or skin broken have to go to the hospital. In general, it will heal naturally, and mothers do not need to worry too much. In individual cases, infection or aggravation of jaundice in newborns may occur, which needs to be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. The fourth of the number one problem, the head is shaped like a newborn’s head is oval, relatively large, the head length of the birth of about 1/4 of the length of the body; the birth of the skull has been hard, but the cranial suture may be split, may be due to the birth of the birth canal by the extrusion of the edges of the overlap, such as overlap of the edges of the bone edge of the eye or touch with the hands of the line protruding, such as overlap is not heavy as the children’s head grows generally be able to grow flat again. Some abnormalities or deformities in the size of the skull may be typical signs of certain diseases. Such as fontanel premature closure can form a small cranial deformity; due to sagittal suture and coronal suture premature closure can form a pointed skull, mostly seen in Apert syndrome; square cranium is mostly seen in pediatric rickets or congenital syphilis; giant cranium is mostly seen in hydrocephalus and so on. Expert advice: the extrusion of the birth canal to the deformation of the skull of the newborn, usually in a short period of time after the birth of the newborn will be self-corrected, after the recovery of the appearance of the basic can not be seen. Although the skull is already hard at birth, but if the care and sleep posture is not appropriate can still occur deviation, flat head and other cranial deformities, generally this period of time to not use a pillow for good. If you find that the pediatric skull has been obvious abnormalities or deformities should be promptly examined in the hospital to rule out certain pathologies, so as not to delay diagnosis and treatment. The number five problem, fontanel abnormality The top of the baby’s head has a soft, sometimes can see the beating place, medically known as fontanel. There are two at birth, fontanel and posterior fontanel, the fontanel is composed of the frontal bone and parietal bone of the bone, the size of its diagonal diameter at birth is about 1.5 ~ 2.5 centimeters, 6 months gradually become smaller, 1 ~ 1.5 years of age when closed. The posterior fontanel usually closes at birth, or as late as 2 to 4 months after birth. If the fontanel is raised or sunken, the fontanel closes too early or too late are not normal. Expert advice: Although the fontanel is not big, it is an important window to reflect the baby’s health. Within one year of the baby’s age, by observing this small window, a variety of diseases can be detected early, so that the baby can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. If the fontanel closes too early, it will affect the development of the brain and skull, and if it closes too late, it is mostly seen in rickets, hydrocephalus, cretinism, and babies who grow too fast. Generally speaking, the fontanel suddenly bulges, mostly because of the increased pressure in the brain, the possible causes are: meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage can cause the fontanel bulge. When the pressure in the brain becomes low or when the child is dehydrated, the fontanel takes on a sunken appearance. When your baby has a bulging or sunken fontanel, your mom needs to find out the cause first, depending on whether there is a related disease. If necessary, send the baby to the hospital for relevant examination to clarify the condition, and then do the treatment for the disease. The number six problem, hair loss Some newborns in the first few weeks of life can appear hair loss phenomenon, can be sudden or hidden. Most of the babies for hidden alopecia, hair is fine, light color; a few performance for the sudden appearance of obvious hair loss. These are all physiological hair loss. Generally in the newborn baby born about 3 months, began to appear physiological from the front to the back of the hair loss, and sometimes also because of family genetics, physical fitness and different speed of hair loss. It may be that the front falls very fast and the back grows very slowly, so it looks as if the baby is bald, in fact, this is just one of the characteristics of physiological hair fall, parents do not have to be too nervous. Generally speaking the phenomenon of newborn hair replacement is not obvious, such a phenomenon will stabilize after 1 ½ years old. Expert advice: newborn hair loss is a physiological normal phenomenon, most of the parents after a detailed explanation of the physician can understand, will not be too concerned about this problem. Because newborn hair loss is a normal phenomenon, so in terms of treatment, does not need special treatment. In addition to the problem of hair loss, parents should also pay attention to the baby’s hair color and hair texture, for example, most of the yellow people are black hair, if the newborn was born with white hair, blonde and other colors, or most of the family are straight hair, while the newborn is curly hair, it must be paid special attention to. The seventh of the number one problem, occipital baldness because of sweating head itch, often shaking the head to rub the pillow, resulting in occipital or temporal hair loss, known as occipital baldness. To the back of the head bone protruding place, from left to right, horizontal circle of hair loss, other parts are not obvious. Pillow baldness is generally a normal physiological phenomenon, but in infants suffering from certain diseases (such as rickets), may be more obvious, the duration will be longer. Expert advice: Pillow baldness usually stabilizes after 1.5 years of age and does not require special treatment or excessive worry. If occipital baldness is more obvious or lasts for a longer period of time, pay attention to check whether the child has rickets.