Direct radiotherapy for esophageal cancer that cannot be operated is generally effective, which can effectively prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life. Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor originated from esophagus, and its etiology is complex and diverse, which may be related to long-term smoking and drinking, nitrite, consuming too hot food and other factors. Patients may suffer from swallowing obstruction, pain, weight loss, vomiting blood and other symptoms. Radiotherapy is an important therapeutic measure for esophageal cancer. For patients who have lost the chance of radical surgical resection or those who cannot accept surgical treatment, radiotherapy can be taken in time, especially squamous cell carcinoma, which is more sensitive to radiotherapy. Especially squamous cell carcinoma is more sensitive to radiotherapy. Most of the patients can control the development of the disease and improve the symptoms after radiotherapy, thus prolonging the survival time of the patients. Once diagnosed with esophageal cancer, patients should actively cooperate with doctors to take treatment measures. During the treatment period, patients should report to the doctor in time if they have any abnormal discomfort. In daily life, patients should maintain sufficient rest time and do not overwork.