Nodular goiter is a common thyroid disorder that presents with unilateral or bilateral diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with single or multiple nodules, which are soft and tough, and move up and down with swallowing movements. Most patients are detected inadvertently or by ultrasound during a physical examination. Therefore, once a thyroid nodule is found, it is not necessary to be overly nervous, nor should it be taken lightly. If the nodule suddenly increases in size within a short period of time, with little movement or fixed, hard texture, uneven height, hoarse voice and obstructive feeling in swallowing, we should be alert to the possibility of cancerous changes. You need to go to the hospital for further diagnosis through ultrasound, isotope scan or CT examination in time. In the past 10 years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been on the rise. The cause of its development is not yet clear, but the predisposing factors may be related to congenital genes, X-rays, environmental pollution, diet, as well as overwork and bad emotions. At present, surgery is the first choice for thyroid cancer treatment, and together with TCM treatment, it can improve patients’ quality of life and long-term survival rate.