Most of the tumors can be removed completely and many of them can be cured clinically after surgical resection. However, for benign brain tumors in the brain, because the tumor encapsulates important blood vessels or adheres to important structures in the brain, a large proportion of benign brain tumors cannot be completely removed and there is a risk of continued growth of the remaining brain tumors. Even if benign brain tumors are completely removed under microscope, a large proportion of them will still be found to recur during long-term follow-up. Most of the recurrent benign brain tumors are still of the same pathological type and grade as before, which means that most of them are still benign. However, there is a small percentage of benign tumors that have a tendency to change from benign to malignant after recurrence, resulting in significantly poorer or even incurable results of retreatment. However, there is another situation, that is, after a period of benign brain tumor treatment, tumor grows again near the original benign tumor, which is thought to be a recurrence of benign tumor, but actually is a new malignant tumor. 46-year-old Mr. He underwent surgery 20 years ago because of pituitary tumor in brain, but because there is still residual tumor, he took gamma knife treatment again, and later MRI review showed that the tumor was The tumor was well controlled. However, recently, Mr. He had headaches and other symptoms, and they were getting more and more serious. Mr. He underwent surgery again, and after complete removal of the tumor, Mr. He’s headache symptoms improved quickly, but the removed tumor was diagnosed as “extra-renal malignant rhabdomyosarcoma”, a rare malignant tumor in the brain. Even after surgery, benign brain tumors need to be reviewed regularly to detect the possible recurrence of the tumor and deal with it in time. After surgical resection of benign brain tumor, not only should regular review be done to detect the possible recurrence of tumor, but also need to be alert to the second tumor which is different from the original benign tumor in type and nature, and needs timely treatment and management.