Osteofascial compartment syndrome of the calf is a condition in which the interosseous membrane, the deep fascia, the muscular septum, and the space surrounded by the bone of the calf become overpressurized, leading to occlusion of the blood vessels and nerves that nourish the muscles of the calf, and ultimately leading to necrosis of the muscles and loss of function of the calf. Osteofascial compartment syndrome of the lower leg is often seen in crush injuries of the lower leg, fractures of the lower leg, especially the more violent fractures, including tibial fracture, fibula fracture, or too tight external fixation after the fracture, which artificially causes a sudden increase in the pressure of the osteofascial compartment, all of these situations will cause osteofascial compartment syndrome of the lower leg. If left untreated, it can cause late ischemic myoclonus, creating dysfunction and leading to disability.