As the saying goes, when you reach middle age, you do not look for disease, disease to find you, Ms. Zhang 42 years old, easy-going personality, brisk, good relations with colleagues, the office can often hear her cheerful laughter, but recently she suddenly silent, it turned out that she had new troubles, as long as the laughter, the urine will be involuntarily leaked, especially when there is a cold or flu, as long as the cough will have to diligently change the underpants, so that their suffering. In fact, Ms. Zhang is suffering from the most common diseases of middle-aged and elderly women, that is, stress urinary incontinence, this disease is more common in adult women, especially obese middle-aged pregnant women for more. According to some data, the incidence of stress incontinence in Chinese adult women is about 8-40%, and the incidence increases with age. As its name reflects, it is a kind of urinary incontinence that occurs under increased abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, walking, standing or running, when the bladder is not necessarily full of urine. The cause is mainly due to the pelvic floor muscle relaxation, so that the urethra on the urine control ability is weakened, birth canal injury and multiple births of women are more likely to develop; menopausal women, due to ovarian hypoperfusion, the body of estrogen to reduce, resulting in urethral mucosal atrophy, the urethral muscle groups to control the urine ability to decline, can also cause stress urinary incontinence. Although it is a common and frequent disease, stress incontinence is a relatively easy disease to prevent and treat. Most patients have mild symptoms, especially young and middle-aged women. The incidence of stress urinary incontinence was reported to be 34.5% in 634 adult women in Guangzhou. However, among 219 patients, 94.98% (208/219) had occasional stress incontinence, 4.11% (9/219) had frequent stress incontinence, and 0.91% (2/219) had daily stress incontinence. Therefore, treatment regimens should be differentiated for patients with different symptoms. Stress incontinence that is clearly diagnosed does not usually go away, but rather worsens with age. Urinary incontinence seriously affects the patient’s physical health, but also due to frequent wetting of clothes and pants, the smell of urine affects the social activities, so that the patient’s spirit is severely hit and traumatized. Therefore, incontinence should not be regarded as a small, ugly thing, there should be enough awareness, and do a good job of preventive treatment and health care, in order to get rid of the distressing life. There are many treatments for stress incontinence, including behavioral therapy, drug therapy, as well as assisted device therapy and surgical treatment, etc. Different types of incontinence treatments are also different. For female stress incontinence, the main goal of treatment is to restore the normal anatomical position of the urethra and to improve the ability of the urethral mucosa to control urine. Mild stress urinary incontinence patients, can do pelvic floor muscle exercise, so that the symptom is reduced or get corrected, especially for the less weight of the female effect is more obvious. The method is as follows: lift the anus exercise, each contraction for 10 seconds, rest for 10 seconds, each exercise 30 times, 3 times a day. This kind of exercise is not limited by time and place, at home, office and outdoor can be carried out, also not subject to the limitations of the body position, but need to be consistent, and must be done to exercise the pelvic floor muscles, if the pelvic floor muscles are not effective exercise, on the contrary, exercise the abdominal muscles, resulting in abdominal contraction of the abdominal cavity when the pressure increases, on the contrary, it will aggravate the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. Biofeedback instruction can help women pinpoint the muscles they need to exercise and achieve better results. For women who are not in a position to receive biofeedback instruction, there are some ways to explicitly work out the correct areas. One way is to clean your hands, or wear clean disposable gloves, put two fingers in the vagina, to lift the anus, if the fingers have a clear sense of pressure, it means that the exercise of the muscles is correct; or in the process of urination intentionally interrupt the urination, to see the operation of that part of the muscle can achieve this purpose, and the muscles to be exercised in the future is the muscle of this part. Exercise to relax the whole body, usually practicing uninterruptedly for more than three months to see the effect. If this method is not effective, see your doctor for new treatments. For older postmenopausal women, estrogen supplementation is recommended. Moderately severe cases require surgery. The traditional surgical method is open surgery through an incision in the lower abdomen, which has a good short-term effect but is more traumatic for the patient. Nowadays, minimally invasive surgery is used both at home and abroad, i.e., mid-urethral suspension, which is performed with a sling for urethral suspension, with two methods of suspending the urethra to the pubic bone and suspending the urethra to the rectus abdominis muscle, respectively, and the surgical results are good at present, and the injuries to the patients are also small. These two minimally invasive surgical methods are suitable for all types of female stress incontinence, but patients with chronic upper respiratory tract infections, chronic coughs, and constipation and other diseases that increase abdominal pressure should have the primary disease under control before undergoing surgery. Although the incidence of urinary incontinence is high, prevention should begin at a young age. One of the preventive measures is important to avoid injury to the pelvic floor muscles and fascial tissues. Avoiding multiple pregnancies and multiple births can be effective in preventing stress incontinence since they are important factors in causing damage to the pelvic floor muscles and fascia. To do this, it is necessary for women of childbearing age to take effective contraceptive measures to eliminate unwanted pregnancies, and at the same time advocate fewer and better births. China’s traditional “menstruation” habits of women’s lives in the future is unfavorable, natural vaginal delivery, or cesarean section of women, when giving birth to the pelvic muscles, ligaments will be fully stretched for the birth of the baby to make good preparation for the birth canal, and therefore the women’s post-partum restorative exercise is particularly important. Restorative exercises should be carried out as early as possible after delivery, and special attention should be paid to pelvic muscle exercises, which can promote the recovery of muscle elasticity, increase the tension of the pelvic floor and perineal muscles, and help to reduce the damage to the pelvic floor structure that may be caused by pregnancy. Exercises are performed in the same way as the pelvic floor muscle exercises mentioned earlier, and can be started 24 hours after delivery, twice a day for 10 minutes each time. After the body gradually recovers, the number of exercises can be increased appropriately. In addition to pregnancy factors, other diseases that lead to long-term increase in abdominal pressure can also cause relaxation of the pelvic floor structure, such as long-term constipation, chronic coughing, or long-term difficulty in urination. With these diseases, you need to go to the hospital in time, hoping to get an early and clear diagnosis and treatment to eliminate the triggers of increased abdominal pressure. The effect of obesity on urination is mainly manifested in the long-term elevated abdominal pressure due to obesity, which impairs the function of the pelvic floor and its supporting ligaments, and ultimately leads to a significant downward shift of the posterior urethra of the bladder neck and the emergence of stress urinary incontinence. Thus, appropriate weight control in middle-aged and elderly women can also help reduce the occurrence of stress incontinence. In addition, gynecologic surgery, especially radical pelvic organ removal, can cause damage to the pelvic floor muscles, leading to the development of stress incontinence or exacerbating existing symptoms. Stress incontinence in women is a common condition, and although it is not life-threatening, it can be life-changing, causing social, emotional, and spiritual distress. However, due to a lack of awareness, lack of attention, or shame, the rate of consultation is low. Strengthening the publicity of health science and increasing the knowledge of patients and the public about this disease is still a very urgent task. For female stress urinary incontinence, we should start with preventive work, such as taking good birth control measures to avoid unplanned pregnancy; good health care during pregnancy, early postpartum systematic pelvic floor function restorative exercise; weight control and so on. For patients who already have symptoms of urinary incontinence, effective and individualized treatment plans should be adopted to relieve the pain of female patients and improve their quality of life.