The role of thyroidectomy has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that it can be an effective treatment for some thyroid disorders, while the disadvantage is that it may result in a decrease in thyroid hormones in the body and long-term replacement therapy is needed to replenish the need. Thyroidectomy can be an effective treatment for thyroid disorders, especially for those who cannot be treated conservatively or for whom conservative treatment is ineffective, such as those with moderate or severe hyperthyroidism, large thyroid glands, and retrosternal goiter with hyperthyroidism. In the case of thyroid tumors, it can prevent the primary disease from causing more harm to the body. The disadvantage of thyroidectomy is that the thyroid gland can secrete thyroxine needed by the body. If the thyroid gland is removed, the patient needs to take medication for life to replace it, such as levothyroxine sodium. To avoid discomfort, it should be used under a doctor’s supervision. If the parathyroid glands are removed at the same time, the patient may suffer from muscle spasms and other signs of calcium deficiency, and postoperative calcium supplementation therapy is also required. After the thyroid gland is removed, the patient should undergo regular checkups and adjust the treatment plan according to the doctor’s advice. At the same time, patients should also pay attention to their diet and routine in daily life.