Vertebroplasty was first performed in China in 2001 by the Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University for the treatment of metastatic cancer of the vertebral body. Its method is to inject special bone cement through the diseased vertebral arch, which can produce high temperature of 80℃ due to the thermal polymerization reaction of the bone cement, which can both kill local tumor cells and block small blood vessels in the vertebral body, thus playing a role in treating local tumors (however, if the arch is not accurately positioned during the operation and the cone hole direction is deviated, chemical and thermal burns to the nerve roots and spinal cord can occur, with unimaginable consequences). Moreover, its coagulation strengthens the patient’s vertebral body and eliminates pain in the affected area. The method can also be used for simple compression fractures of the vertebral body, vertebral hemangiomas and limited osteoporosis due to various causes. We began treating simple compression fractures of the thoracolumbar vertebrae with vertebroplasty in 2004, and have completed more than 20 cases with good results. In the past, the treatment of simple compression fractures of the thoracolumbar vertebrae was often conservative, requiring the patient to be absolutely bedridden for 3 months, and it was quite painful to eat, drink and shit in bed. In contrast, vertebroplasty only requires a needle to be inserted into the fractured vertebral body and injected with 3-5 ml of special bone cement under local anesthesia and fluoroscopy to solve the problem. The pain caused by the fracture can be relieved quickly after the operation, and the patient can move to the ground and take care of himself in 3 days, and be discharged from the hospital in 4-5 days, and resume working ability in a month. This treatment is a blessing for patients with simple compression fractures of the thoracolumbar vertebrae because it is less invasive, reduces the time the patient spends in bed, rapidly relieves the patient’s pain, and restores the patient’s self-care and working ability as soon as possible.