Staging and treatment of mid-clavicle fractures in adults

  The fracture of the middle clavicle in adults is divided into 3.5-5% of the fractures of the whole body and 40% of the fractures of the scapular girdle, and the fractures of the clavicle are divided into the inner 1/3 of the clavicle, the middle 1/3 of the clavicle and the outer 1/3 of the clavicle according to the injury site. The fracture of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle is a fracture of the clavicle between the conical tuberosity of the clavicle and the projection point of the clavicle on the lateral edge of the first rib. The middle third of the clavicle is a transitional zone in both curvature and transverse anatomy, making it a mechanically weak part; 3. Although the incidence of mid-clavicular fractures is so high, clinically there are more and more subtypes of internal and external 1/3 clavicular fractures, but it is difficult to see the subtypes of mid-clavicular fractures, or simply divided into three subtypes: displaced, undisplaced, and comminuted. Through our observation and treatment of 100 cases of midclavicular fractures, we found that the composition of the major fracture fragments or the location of the major fracture fragments of midclavicular fractures is somewhat constant, and we proposed four types of fractures of midclavicular fractures in combination with the amount of displacement of fracture fragments. We found that:the main fracture fragments of the middle clavicle fracture consisted of four main pieces, namely, the first piece: the proximal fracture segment, the second piece: the distal fracture segment, the third piece: the ventral bone block of the distal fracture segment, and the fourth piece: the dorsal bone block of the proximal fracture segment, as shown in Figure 6. Why do these four bone fragments appear more consistently, especially the ventral and dorsal bone blocks of the distal and proximal fracture segments? We consider that there may be a correlation between the anatomical morphology of the middle clavicle and its direction of external force. In order to classify the fracture, we also need to clarify the degree of displacement of the major fracture fragments, so we also defined the fracture displacement criteria as 1) 2.5M or 30° of angle overlap between the distal and proximal segments of the fracture, and 2) 1M or 45° of angle displacement of the dorsal or ventral bone fragments. Type II: the fracture mainly consisted of distal and proximal segments and the overdisplacement exceeded the defined standard; Type III: the fracture mainly consisted of distal and proximal segments and one of the ventral or dorsal bone fragments and the overdisplacement exceeded the defined standard; Type IV: the fracture consisted of four major fracture fragments and the overlap between the fracture fragments was shortened or angled. Through the observation and treatment of 100 cases of midclavicular fractures, we found that this typing method can basically classify 100 cases of midclavicular fractures.  The treatment of adult middle clavicle fracture is aimed at treatment, and it can be said that the treatment of middle clavicle fracture is different at this stage, and the fundamental reason is that there is no unified typing standard, and it is impossible to make an objective assessment of the injury and thus to propose a unified standardized treatment plan. The following fractures are generally considered as indications for surgical treatment: 1) severe angulation that threatens the integrity of the surface skin, 2) comminuted fractures or displaced fractures with more than 2M shortening, 3) fracture blocks that compress adjacent vascular nerves such as the subclavian artery and the brachial nerve, 4) open fractures of the clavicle, 5) fractures with multiple injuries. Fractures such as ipsilateral upper limb trauma, bilateral clavicle fractures. Floating shoulder injuries, etc. 6. Young women who cannot accept the augmented appearance after healing of possible deformities and request surgery, etc. Combined with the above treatment criteria we recommend: type I conservative treatment, type II to type IV take surgical treatment where type II is fixed with gristle steel pins or plates type III to type IV is fixed with plates and type IV fracture is recommended to prevent bone grafting. We do not recommend the use of plate fixation for all surgical procedures because it is necessary to achieve stable fixation of the fracture and to take the least possible approach to the fracture without destroying the blood supply. Another advantage of this typing method is that the preoperative plain radiographs allow us to understand the presence or absence of the ventral dorsal bone mass, so that we can be prepared to protect the blood supply during the intraoperative search for the separated bone mass.  The incidence of clavicle fractures due to direct violence is much lower than that of clavicle fractures due to direct violence, so whether this staging can cover all types of violent midclavicle fractures needs to be further observed; 2. The need for surgery.