Lumbar disc herniation is a clinical syndrome caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, rupture of the annulus fibrosus, protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, and irritation and compression of the nerve roots and cauda equina. The pain mechanism is closely related to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the disc, the mechanical effect of pressure on the nerve, and the role of biochemicals and neuropeptides in pain perception; in addition, it is also related to the inflammatory response to nerve root compression and edema, adhesions and fibrosis that stimulate the nerve and cause pain. The current methods in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation are mainly in surgical treatment, especially the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery, which provides a new choice for the majority of intervertebral disc patients, but at the same time, there are also various interventional minimally invasive surgeries with different effects, in addition to the treatment means of minimally invasive interventional surgery itself, related studies believe that the neglect of functional exercise after minimally invasive surgery also seriously affects the postoperative effect Evaluation. Functional exercise is the main measure for late rehabilitation of lumbar disc herniation. Functional exercise can enhance lumbar back muscle strength, correct poor posture, improve lumbar back flexibility and adjust local muscle tension, especially play a better protective role for the internal and external balance of the spine, help restore the physiological curvature of the spine, promote the repair of damaged tissues, improve muscle atrophy, muscle strength decline and other pathological phenomena, so that the lumbar back muscle acts as a muscle splint, which is conducive to restoring the function of the lumbar back muscle to play the role of replacing the waist circumference It can also correct the poor posture of the lumbar region, enhance the stability of the lumbar spine and prevent the recurrence of lumbar disc herniation. The most important feature of functional exercise is that the patient can actively participate in the treatment process, which is conducive to mobilizing the patient’s subjective initiative in treatment and enhancing confidence in overcoming the disease. And patients with lumbar disc herniation have a long history, most of them have different degrees of muscle atrophy or muscle strength decline, and the strength of the lumbar back muscles is weakened or unbalanced. Local practice therapy can strengthen the contraction ability of muscles through autonomous activities, thus achieving the effect of treating and preventing muscle atrophy. A large number of scholars have done a large number of clinical evaluations on the impact of functional exercise on postoperative patients after minimally invasive interventions, and all agree that functional exercise plays an extremely significant role in patients with lumbar disc herniation.