Urinary stones are a collective clinical term for kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder and urethral stones, depending on their location. They are also called urinary stones or urolithiasis. The causes of stone formation are complex, and to date, many of them remain unknown and are still being explored in research. However, regardless of the causes, they are generally related to three factors: endogenous, exogenous and not endogenous. 1. Exogenous factors: gender (more males than females), age (more likely to occur in 20–50 years old), occupation (drivers, employees), region (limestone and other areas), dietary habits (spicy, alcoholic, oxalic acid, high cholesterol, high fat, high calorie, high calcium foods), bad habits (drinking less water, sitting still for a long time, often holding urine), irritability and race, genetics, etc. . 2, endogenous factors: systemic metabolic disorders, such as: high calcium urine, high oxalic acid urine, high uric acid urine, cystinuria, xanthinuria, hypocitrate urine, etc.. Certain drugs (e.g.: sulfonamides) accumulate in the body, certain diseases (e.g.: gout, fracture, bone tuberculosis, hyperthyroidism) and other causes. 3, not internal and external causes: infection (repeated urinary tract infection, prompting tiny crystals or shed cells can not be discharged and gathered in the body), retention (prolonged bed rest after fracture injury resulting in urinary retention) and foreign bodies (such as: metal objects, straw, silk, etc. stored in the bladder via the urethra). In summary, there are no more than three types. Although there are some omissions in the text, I hope it will be useful.