Precautions for daily life of glaucoma patients
Glaucoma is the second most blinding eye disease in humans, and the elderly are the most prevalent group of people with glaucoma. With the aging of the population, the incidence of glaucoma is increasing year by year. Glaucoma is a progressive and serious eye disease. Glaucoma attacks can be triggered by lack of sleep, overexertion and emotional stress, so glaucoma patients should pay attention to several issues in their daily life in addition to strictly following the treatment plan of their ophthalmologist.
Diet and nutrition.
Glaucoma patients, like normal people, have their own dietary hobbies, but whatever the hobbies are, they should be moderated.
1, eat less stimulating food, eat more vegetables and fruits to keep the bowel movement smooth is very important.
2, can not drink a lot of water in a short period of time: drinking more than a liter of water at a time can induce glaucoma symptoms, so try not to drink more than 500 ml of water at a time.
3, tobacco, alcohol, tea and coffee in moderation: because the nicotine component of tobacco can cause retinal vasospasm, resulting in optic nerve ischemia, long-term smoking glaucoma patients are prone to further increase intraocular pressure; tea and coffee will be mildly elevated after drinking intraocular pressure, but the magnitude of the increase is small.
Sports and recreation.
For patients with glaucoma, regular physical activity is as important as adequate sleep, and appropriate physical activity can also reduce IOP, but it is important to combine work and rest to avoid overexertion: 1.
1. Patients with pigmentary glaucoma should avoid sports, which may cause an increase in intraocular pressure.
2, do not dive, for patients with optic nerve damage should consult an ophthalmologist before participating in diving.
3, playing a musical instrument can cause a temporary increase in intraocular pressure, so patients who like to play a musical instrument need the guidance and help of a doctor.
What kind of people are prone to glaucoma?
The incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma is 0.57% over the age of 30. The incidence increases with age, but it can also develop at the age of 20 to 30, or even 10.
Primary open-angle glaucoma is a hereditary and familial disease, and the exact mode of inheritance is not known, most likely being polygenic and multifactorial. It has a high prevalence of 5%-19% in consanguineous families and up to 50% in those with a family history.
People with the following conditions are susceptible to open-angle glaucoma.
1. high intraocular pressure. This is the first risk factor. Although there is no glaucomatous damage in the early stages, the possibility of glaucomatous damage increases as the duration of high intraocular pressure increases and the IOP base value continues to rise.
2. Optic papillary sagging. This is the second risk factor, and large, deep pits are poorly tolerated by pressure. The progressive enlargement of the sulcus is the most important risk factor and can occur before visual field defects. These people need to be regularly examined for optic disc traps and visual fields, and treated as soon as optic nerve damage occurs.
3. High myopia. The incidence of open-angle glaucoma is higher in patients with high myopia, and the incidence of myopia is also higher in open-angle glaucoma. Myopic eyes are susceptible to increased intraocular pressure, and because of the shallow scleral depression, it is not easy to identify, and because of the low scleral hardness, the intraocular pressure value measured with an indentation tonometer is often low.
4. Diabetes. The incidence of glaucoma in diabetic patients is 12.6%, which is significantly higher than the normal population.
5, systemic vascular disease. Especially patients with low blood pressure are prone to insufficient blood supply to the optic disc, increasing the risk of optic nerve damage.
How to self-care for glaucoma patients
First of all, it is important to face the disease psychologically. Some patients are very afraid of glaucoma, lack confidence in treatment and do not actively cooperate with treatment. In fact, glaucoma is by no means untreatable, most of the glaucoma can be effectively controlled by drugs and surgery to maintain good vision for a long time, only a few cases are poorly controlled, but can also be treated to prolong useful vision. Glaucoma patients should not be pessimistic and should maintain a good mood. Depression and rage are the language triggers of glaucoma.
Treatment should be in accordance with medical advice and regular follow-up, not to change the dose of medication themselves. Before the onset of closed-angle glaucoma, there are often some aura, such as visual fatigue, eye distension, iris vision and brow arch distension, especially in mood swings and dark environment, these phenomena should be timely to the hospital for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent acute attacks, which is especially important for patients with monocular onset of glaucoma. Glaucoma patients should ideally learn to finger-test their IOP gradually and see a doctor promptly when they feel that their IOP is suspicious so that treatment plans can be adjusted and high IOP can be controlled. Finger massage of the eye after glaucoma surgery is good for keeping the drainage port open, but this should only be done under medical supervision.
Glaucomatous optic nerve damage is closely related to high intraocular pressure, but there are also some other related factors, such as hypotension, diabetes, and abnormal hemodynamics, etc. Active treatment of these diseases is beneficial to protect the visual function.
In addition, it should be noted that some anti-glaucoma drugs have side effects. For example, thimerosal can slow down the heart rate and also cause bronchial smooth muscle contraction, so those with bradycardia, bronchial asthma and respiratory obstructive diseases should not use it, and should beware of the side effects when they must be used. Acetazolamide should be used with caution in patients with ureteral stones, and not in those with sulfonamide allergy, and the drug has the effect of potassium excretion, so potassium should be taken at the same time. Do not use hypertonic agents in the cardiovascular system, renal dysfunction, and glycerol is prohibited for diabetics. In short, the doctor should be informed of the systemic disease before using the drug, so that the doctor can choose the drug.
How to eat for glaucoma patients
Honey can lower intraocular pressure. Honey has a significant effect on the treatment of glaucoma. Acute glaucoma patients who take 100 ml of honey orally can have their symptoms relieved; chronic glaucoma patients with persistently high IOP can also take 50 ml of honey daily, 1 dose each morning and evening. The reason is that honey is a hypertonic agent, after taking it can make the blood osmolarity increase, in order to absorb the IOP water, to reduce the IOP effect.
Eat foods that can prevent constipation Clinically, many patients with acute glaucoma often have constipation. Constipation is a harmful factor for glaucoma patients. Therefore, patients usually eat a moderate amount of fiber-containing vegetables to facilitate intestinal peristalsis, and eating bananas has the same effect. If necessary, you can also add some sesame oil to the dishes. When the bowels do not flow smoothly, eat less meat (especially hot and dry beef) and hot and dry products. Eat less food with a lot of sugar, except honey.
The high pressure in glaucoma is due to the accumulation of too much water in the eye. The use of aqueous humor can increase the flow of atrial fluid and reduce atrial fluid retention. Food with aqueous effect include adzuki beans, winter melon, watermelon, loofah, golden needle vegetables, etc., which can often be used as supplementary food for glaucoma treatment. If available: 30 grams of adzuki beans, 10 red dates, the two flavors cooked together, beans cooked and rotten can be eaten, served twice a day for several days.
Eat foods rich in vitamin E and B foods late glaucoma will mostly seriously affect vision, vitamin class is good for protecting vision. For example, malt, vegetable oil, soybeans, peanuts and egg yolk are rich in vitamin E; coarse grains, dates, beans and lean pork are rich in vitamin B1, and animal liver and green leafy vegetables contain vitamin B12.
Avoid drinking a lot of water and caffeinated beverages because drinking a lot of water in a short period of time, blood dilution, lower osmotic pressure, can increase atrial fluid production, resulting in a significant increase in intraocular pressure. It is also not advisable to drink a lot of coffee and tea (especially strong tea) because the caffeine contained in them can excite the parasympathetic nerve, leading to intraocular vasodilation and increased secretion of atrial fluid, thus causing an increase in intraocular pressure.
Glaucoma medication contraindications
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by an intermittent or sustained increase in intraocular pressure that exceeds the highest level tolerated by the eye, resulting in damage to the optic nerve. As a lifelong disease, patients with glaucoma require long-term medication to control intraocular pressure. Some drugs have been found to increase IOP and interfere with the normal treatment of glaucoma patients, so they need to be taken seriously when combined with other medications.
Anticholinergics such as atropine, scopolamine, scopolamine, benactyzine (Gastroflucan), bromobenzyme, postmatropine, eucalyptus, probenecid, promethazine, pirenzepine, succinylcholine, isopropylatropine, metabromobenzyme (gastric ulcer, gastric lepromine), etc. can increase IOP and aggravate the condition of glaucoma patients, and should be avoided.
Antihistamines such as Benadryl hydrochloride, promethazine, chlorpheniramine (paracetamol), cyproheptadine, bucolizine, meclozine, benzindamine and other antihistamines also have certain anticholinergic effects, which can increase IOP and aggravate the condition of glaucoma patients, and should be avoided.
The anti-tremor paralytic drugs benzhexol (Antan), kai majun (Kamatrin, procyclidine), benztropine mesylate (benztropine), biperiden (Ankle spasm), amantadine (amantadine) and other drugs also have a central anticholinergic effect and should be avoided.
The vasodilators nitroglycerin, isosorbide nitrate (cardiac pain), pentaerythritol nitrate, butyl tetranitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, morindaine (pulse-conducting minerals, pulse ketamine), nicorandil tablets, diphenhydramine, cyclomandelate (haycozan), nicardipine and other vasodilators can dilate the blood vessels of the eye, increase intraocular pressure, easily cause eye bleeding, should be avoided.
Some traditional Chinese medicines, such as belladonna, alkaloids containing belladonna, goldenseal, Tianxianzi, haoyanhua, hot ginseng (Huashan ginseng), mandarins and their preparations hot ginseng tablets, asthma injection, tincture of belladonna (tablets), heart treasure, coronary su, etc., summer without and its preparations summer without tablets (eye drops) have anticholinergic effect, can increase intraocular pressure, aggravate the condition of glaucoma patients, should be avoided.