The purpose and method of preoperative respiratory function exercise and coughing (1) Respiratory function exercise: The purpose is to allow the lung lobes to fully expand to increase alveolar surface tension, increase lung volume, and improve lung function. Method: Do deep inhalation with balanced and continuous force to reach the maximum inspiratory volume, and then exhale slowly and evenly. Repeat this 4-5 times, and repeat after an interval of 1-2 hours. (2) Cough training: The purpose is to help patients master effective coughing methods and reasonably use the various muscles of the body to improve the ability to excrete sputum, which can effectively cough up sputum after surgery, prevent the occurrence of lung infection and facilitate recovery. Zhang Baoji, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Method: Take a deep breath, hold your breath and then close your abdomen and cough hard. Have the patient practice this repeatedly, once an hour. At the same time, in order to reduce the pain caused by coughing after surgery, you can use both hands to gently press both sides of the thorax to act as a fixation when the patient coughs. In case of obvious pain, a quantitative analgesic can be used before coughing. (1) Respiratory function exercise: The purpose is to allow the lung lobes to fully expand in order to increase alveolar surface tension, increase lung volume and improve lung function. Method: Do deep inhalation with balanced and sustained force to reach maximum inhalation, then exhale slowly and uniformly. Repeat this 4-5 times, and repeat after an interval of 1-2 hours. (2) Cough training: The purpose is to help patients master effective coughing methods and reasonably use the various muscles of the body to improve the ability to excrete sputum, which can effectively cough up sputum after surgery, prevent the occurrence of lung infection and facilitate recovery. Zhang Baoji, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Method: Take a deep breath, hold your breath and then close your abdomen and cough hard. Have the patient practice this repeatedly, once an hour. At the same time, in order to reduce the pain caused by coughing after surgery, you can use both hands to gently press both sides of the thorax to act as a fixation when the patient coughs. In case of significant pain, a quantitative pain reliever can be used before coughing.