It is a chronic brain dysfunction syndrome caused by multiple etiologies. It is an episodic, sudden, transient brain dysfunction caused by repeated hyper-synchronous discharges of nerve cells in the brain. It is an episodic, sudden, transient brain dysfunction caused by repeated hyper-synchronous firing of neurons in the brain. Some patients may have a loss of consciousness, which may disappear within minutes. 1. Diagnosis and surgical selection of patients with refractory epilepsy (1) clinical manifestations and EEG manifestations of refractory epilepsy; (2) regular medication treatment, but still more than 3-4 seizures per month; (3) seizures affecting normal work life, and patients with surgical requirements. 2. Pre-operative routine examination: blood, liver and kidney function, cardiopulmonary examination, infectious diseases, etc. 3. Preoperative examination and localization of epileptogenic foci: psychological assessment; imaging CT, MR, to clarify the presence of foci or structural changes in the brain; CT-PET If routine EEG monitoring and imaging cannot be clearly localized and lateralized, or if imaging does not match with EEG, additional CT-PET examination can be performed; scalp EEG, 128-lead digital long-range video EEG, sleep EEG, etc. can be monitored according to For those who cannot be localized by the above methods and need to locate the functional area, electrodes can be buried preoperatively for more accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus and functional area. The surgical methods are divided into three main types: resection (eradication) of the epileptogenic part of the brain, blocking the outward transmission of seizures, and special types of surgery. The main methods include focal resection, anterior temporal lobectomy, hippocampal resection, cerebral hemisphere resection, corpus callosotomy, multiple subchondral transection, cortical soft membrane electrocoagulation, cerebellar stimulation, amygdala destruction, vagus nerve stimulation, etc. After long-term surgical treatment, we found that simple lesion removal or lesion removal combined with other surgeries is the best solution for epilepsy treatment; 5. If there are seizures after surgery, if a single drug is not effective, the drug can be used in combination, and attention should be paid to the synergistic or antagonistic effects between drugs. (3) Long-term and regular medication should be maintained, usually for at least 2-3 years. (4) Increase or decrease the dose of drugs or change the drugs should be done gradually, not to stop the drugs suddenly, and should be done under the guidance of physicians.