We all know that the treatment of diabetes is called the “five horsemen”: diet, exercise, medication, monitoring, and diabetes education. Some patients come to the hospital because of chronic complications, and the result of blood tests reveals that blood glucose control is very poor, and the patient is very aggrieved: he did not dare to eat more meals, he did a lot of exercise, he took his medication, and he injected insulin on time, but his blood glucose is still not well controlled. Upon further questioning, the patient seldom monitored his blood glucose, but occasionally measured his fasting blood glucose. Now we will talk about the importance of blood glucose monitoring. In the treatment of diabetes, diet and exercise are the foundation, medication is very important, blood glucose monitoring is a means to test whether the above three are good. For example, blood glucose monitoring is like a student taking an exam. Students say they study hard and learn well, but how good they are and how good they are depends on their exam results, which are not lifelong, but at least represent their usual level. The same goes for blood sugar monitoring. I think I’ve done well with diet and exercise, I’ve taken my glucose-lowering medication on time, and I haven’t taken a single shot of insulin, but how well my blood sugar is controlled depends on the monitored blood sugar. Only by monitoring blood sugar can we know how high or low blood sugar is, and then we can adjust our medication according to blood sugar in time. To make their blood sugar long-term good control. Some patients say my glycosylated hemoglobin is not high, not high does not mean that the blood sugar control is necessarily good. Blood glucose monitoring should be a combination of points and lines, specifically point blood glucose, continuous monitoring of dynamic blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. We also use the analogy of students’ study: our glycosylated hemoglobin is like the total score of the final exam; the point blood glucose is like the usual quiz score; the dynamic blood glucose monitoring is like the score of each homework and other qualities such as physical education, music and art. So a student’s overall quality needs to be examined in many aspects. How well a diabetic’s blood glucose is controlled also needs to be examined in many aspects. Here is how to monitor blood glucose at the point and line. Some people say that I often test my blood sugar, but all the monitoring is fasting blood sugar. This is far from enough. If there are sulfonylureas or glinides in the hypoglycemic drugs used, or if insulin is used, the blood glucose should be monitored before three meals, two hours after three meals, before going to bed, and at night from 1 to 3 o’clock, totaling eight time points. Why do we need to monitor the blood sugar at night because it is the time when blood sugar is the lowest, and hypoglycemia is most likely to appear at night, and after hypoglycemia appears, the body has a protective mechanism that will raise blood sugar again, which is called “Sumujie phenomenon” in medicine. Therefore, if we do not monitor the blood sugar at night, but only monitor the fasting blood sugar, it may cause the misjudgment of blood sugar, always see the high blood sugar of fasting, and increase the hypoglycemic drugs, which may eventually lead to serious hypoglycemia. If patients are using glucose-lowering drugs without the high risk of hypoglycemia mentioned above, then they can choose to monitor seven-point blood glucose. Nocturnal blood glucose can be left unmonitored. Of course, blood glucose monitoring is not only monitoring “point blood glucose”, because point blood glucose can only represent blood glucose at a certain point of time. For patients with large blood glucose fluctuations or repeated hypoglycemia, or patients with frequent fasting hyperglycemia and difficulties in blood glucose adjustment, monitoring only 7-8 points of blood glucose sometimes cannot detect hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. At this time, we need to start “Line Blood Sugar” —— continuous monitoring of dynamic blood sugar. This is a delicate instrument, worn under the skin of the upper arm or abdomen, which does not affect the life, and the instrument automatically measures blood sugar once every 5 – 15 minutes, which can measure one or two hundred blood sugar a day, and connect the blood sugar into a curve, so the blood sugar of a day can be monitored continuously for 3 – 14 days, and patients can also see the effect of their diet, exercise and emotion on blood sugar according to the blood sugar monitoring curve. Patients can also see the impact of their diet, exercise and emotion on blood sugar according to the blood sugar monitoring curve. Most of our patients cannot wear dynamic blood glucose monitoring devices every day. After the patient’s diet, exercise and medication adjustment, the “point blood sugar” and “line blood sugar” are well controlled, we also need to check the “surface blood sugar” —– once every 3 months with venous blood. Glycosylated hemoglobin once, this index can reflect the average blood sugar level in the past three months. But the disadvantage is that we can’t see the fluctuation of blood sugar, so we need to combine with point blood sugar and dynamic blood sugar monitoring to evaluate the blood sugar control together. If all three are basically met, it can be considered that the patient’s blood sugar is really well controlled. If the glycosylated hemoglobin meets the standard, but the fasting blood sugar is often high, it is necessary to consider whether there is hypoglycemia, and it is necessary to activate the ambulatory blood sugar monitoring to understand the fluctuation of blood sugar. At home, you can monitor a seven-point or eight-point blood glucose profile every week or half a month, so that you can have a good idea of your blood glucose. Finally, it should be said that blood sugar control is a very individualized and integrated treatment, which requires diet, exercise, medication, monitoring and education.