The sudden manifestation of pain in the left side of the chest is commonly caused by myocardial ischemia, especially in middle-aged and elderly patients, which can be induced after exertion, and usually there is also a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and other underlying diseases, and electrocardiogram examination can further confirm the diagnosis. In the acute stage, nitrate drugs should be given to dilate blood vessels and improve circulation, which can reduce the patient’s discomfort. In addition, spontaneous pneumothorax can also be manifested as sudden chest pain, accompanied by obvious chest tightness and shortness of breath, and even the investigation will have obvious reduced breath sounds on the affected side, and chest X-ray examination can confirm the diagnosis. There are many reasons for the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax, secondary to infection, or spontaneous rupture of pulmonary blisters, as well as elderly patients who smoke for years, have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the stimulation of repeated intrapulmonary infections, or forceful defecation, heavy lifting, etc., can be triggered, and if necessary, timely surgery for closed chest drainage is required.