Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common persistent arrhythmia and one of the most common causative factors of cerebral infarction, which is a preventable and treatable disease. Although there are more and more means of treatment for AF, it is important to understand the risk factors associated with the occurrence of AF and to prevent AF in a timely and effective manner. With the progress of aging society, it has been found that atrial fibrillation increases with age, but it is not exclusive to the elderly; there is a trend of increasing atrial fibrillation in young and middle-aged people. According to epidemiologic statistics, the incidence of atrial fibrillation is 0.5% in people aged 50-59 years, 1% in people aged 60 years or older, over 5% in people aged 69 years or older, and increases to 9% in people older than 80 years. The risk of stroke is at least 4% in untreated patients with hypertension, transient ischemic heart disease, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. Because atrial fibrillation is prone to thromboembolic events, increasing the disability and mortality rates of patients, and multiplying the medical costs of patients, so that the quality of life of the patient’s family declined, the burden of life increased, so it is particularly important to pay attention to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. What is the mechanism of the occurrence of atrial fibrillation? As the cause of the occurrence of atrial fibrillation is more complex, there are various theories, such as multiple refractoriness theory, focal drive theory, myocardial sleeve, electrical remodeling, electrical mechanism, autonomic mechanism, cell biology, etc., which are now considered to be the result of the combined effect of multiple mechanisms. What are the factors now recognized to be related to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation? They are summarized as follows: I. Diseases with a clear causal relationship with atrial fibrillation: 1, familial hereditary diseases; 2, hyperthyroidism; 3, mitral valve lesions. Diseases closely related to atrial fibrillation: 1. Age: the incidence of atrial fibrillation increases with age and is a physiological and biological phenomenon. 2.Hypertension: especially the systolic blood pressure is significantly elevated, the pulse pressure difference is large, the possibility of atrial fibrillation. 3.Heart failure: the longer the duration of the disease, the enlargement of the heart cavity, pulmonary hypertension has a high incidence of atrial fibrillation. 4, coronary heart disease: the combination of left atrial enlargement, ventricular diastolic insufficiency is prone to atrial fibrillation. 5, diabetes mellitus: long-term poor glycemic control, affecting the heart, the combination of atrial fibrillation is more. In recent years, the newly discovered factors related to atrial fibrillation: 1, obesity: obesity can lead to left atrial enlargement, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, according to statistics, obesity than the incidence of atrial fibrillation of normal weight people increased by 49%, the body mass index increased by 1Kg / O, atrial fibrillation risk increased by 4%. 2, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: sleep apnea, airway obstruction, resulting in hypoxemia, at the same time the atrium and pulmonary veins are subjected to traction, resulting in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation; application of non-invasive positive pressure ventilator to improve hypoxemia, can significantly reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation. Excessive drinking: It is found that the incidence of atrial fibrillation in people who drink a lot of alcohol for a long time is higher than that in people who don’t drink alcohol or drink a small amount of alcohol. Excessive physical activity: The most convincing example is that atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia among professional athletes who have been exercising for a long time. 5, dyslipidemia: common in patients with elevated LDL and cholesterol. 6.Metabolic syndrome: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia are high risk factors for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. 7, long-term mental stress: so that the sympathetic nervous system, renin angiotensin system activation. In summary, although the etiology of atrial fibrillation is complex, it is difficult to propose effective prevention methods for individuals. However, after decades of research, we have already known some of the factors that contribute to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, and we can develop measures to prevent atrial fibrillation in response to these relevant factors. For example, active and effective treatment of hyperthyroidism and timely surgery to remove mitral valve lesions can reduce the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Reasonable and effective control of blood pressure, to achieve the ideal blood pressure as early as possible, to reduce the fluctuation of blood pressure, especially high systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure difference of patients should be more proactive control of blood pressure. Although heart failure occurs when there is already heart chamber enlargement and atrial fibrillation, reasonable and effective control of heart failure and reduction of recurrence can stop the progress of atrial fibrillation. Reducing myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with coronary artery disease, improving myocardial ischemia, optimizing myocardial energy metabolism, anticoagulation, lipid regulation and other measures can also reduce the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Obesity is a risk factor for a variety of diseases, so weight control, maintaining a standard body weight is always the first element of the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, is already occurred in atrial fibrillation of the obese, through weight loss, weight control can also prevent the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, and at the same time to consolidate the therapeutic effect of atrial fibrillation. Limited alcohol consumption, combination of work and rest, avoiding strenuous activities, eliminating mental stress, and controlling blood lipids and blood sugar can all prevent the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. If you already have high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and other diseases, you can choose drugs that can prevent the occurrence of atrial fibrillation to kill two birds with one stone. For example: renin angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, and beta-blockers, proprietary Chinese medicines to stabilize the heart particles, ginseng pine heart capsules and musk heart pills, etc., all of which have a certain preventive effect on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Therefore, emphasizing the prevention of atrial fibrillation is a new topic that we all need to work on.