Causes of pancreatic enlargement include pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors. Pancreatitis can cause complications such as peripancreatic effusion, pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic abscess and pancreatic pseudocysts. In addition, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis can also lead to gastrointestinal and abdominal hemorrhage and intestinal fistula, which can cause serious infection of the abdominal cavity and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in multi-organ failure and even life-threatening. Pancreatic enlargement is mainly caused by pancreatitis, mostly associated with irregular diet, overeating, alcoholism and the presence of biliary tract diseases, and can be clearly diagnosed by amylase test at the hospital. A warm and light diet, more vegetables and fruits, no high-fat and high-calorie foods, and less stimulation by adverse factors can effectively avoid pancreatitis. If the cause of pancreatic enlargement is pancreatic cancer, it is a very malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, with a low surgical resection rate of about 20%, prone to recurrence and metastasis after surgery, with a five-year survival rate of less than 5% and a poor prognosis. Therefore, once patients find themselves suffering from pancreatic enlargement, they need to go to a regular hospital in time for examination and treatment under the guidance of doctors to avoid delaying the disease.