Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin or use insulin effectively, and is mainly divided into type I and type II. In the past, the majority of juvenile diabetics were type 1 diabetics. type 1 diabetes is mostly related to congenital factors and is more common in females. In recent years, however, type 2 diabetes is becoming more common in the adolescent population. Juvenile type 2 diabetes is by no means rare, let alone uncommon, accounting for more than 20% of all juvenile diabetes, and the incidence is growing much faster than type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, lack of exercise, and excessive caloric intake. Some parents worry that their children do not have enough nutrition, so they can’t wait for their children to eat more and take a “duck-filling” approach to raising their children, which can lead to their children gaining weight, high blood sugar and induce diabetes. Many of the insignificant drinks, snacks and cold drinks around us contain fructose. Epidemiological studies have found that fructose is also the “main culprit” of obesity and diabetes. The short-term impact of fructose intake on blood sugar is small, but it is easily metabolized by the liver into triglycerides in the liver and fat, long-term intake of large amounts of fructose is likely to lead to obesity, fatty liver, hypertension and insulin resistance, and ultimately lead to diabetes. In addition to fructose, many milk teas, cakes and snacks also contain a certain amount of hydrogenated vegetable oils, or trans fatty acids, which can also damage cardiovascular health when consumed regularly. In addition to high-calorie foods and implicitly sugary foods, frequent consumption of high glycemic index foods also makes it easy for blood sugar to go quietly high. High glycemic index foods mean that they are digested and absorbed quickly by the stomach and intestines, which can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar. On the contrary, foods with low glycemic index are digested and absorbed slowly and do not easily cause a spike in blood sugar after meals. In addition, because children are overweight and it is inconvenient to do exercise, children do not want to exercise, which leads to a vicious circle, which is also a cause of diabetes. Therefore, both doctors and parents should pay attention to juvenile diabetes, and the main treatment principles focus on psychotherapy as well as education, then with glucose-lowering drugs, reasonable diet structure, moderate exercise and good blood glucose monitoring and review, and also to prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemia, to achieve early detection and early treatment. Nowadays, with the advancement of medical technology, it is no longer necessary to control diabetes through medical treatment all year round, and it is entirely possible to try to treat it through surgery. “Weight loss surgery not only reduces body weight, but also reduces insulin resistance caused by fat accumulation, reduces glucose metabolic load, and effectively improves glucose metabolism.” For example, gastric bypass surgery, known as the “gold standard procedure” for diabetes, is a surgical procedure that reduces the volume of the stomach, closes most of the stomach’s functions, and changes the structure of the intestinal tract, thereby further reducing digestive capacity and controlling absorption. Because the reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract changes the secretion of hormones in the gut-islet axis, it improves glucose metabolism.