If neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is positive, the cause should be actively searched for, and immunosuppressant and glucocorticoid treatment is feasible when necessary. Neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody is one of the ANCA tests, and its positivity suggests the existence of autoimmune abnormality in the human body. Most of the patients are considered to have systemic vasculitis, in which the blood vessels of the whole body may be involved, which will increase the risk of intravascular thrombosis or the appearance of purpura and other hemorrhagic manifestations. When neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are positive, the cause should be actively sought. If systemic vasculitis is considered, immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and glucocorticosteroids (e.g., prednisone, methylprednisolone, etc.) are needed. Glucocorticosteroids may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and acid-suppressing gastrointestinal treatments such as omeprazole and other proton-pump inhibitors are needed. If the patient only has positive neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, but there is no relevant disease manifestation, it can be temporarily left untreated, and the neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody should be rechecked regularly. Patients with positive neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are advised to consult the rheumatology and immunology department in a timely manner so that the specialist can formulate a treatment plan according to the patient’s specific condition. The medication should be used in accordance with the doctor’s instructions, do not self-medication.