Hepatitis B virus is mainly transmitted through blood, body fluids, vertical transmission from mother to child, broken skin and mucous membranes and sexual contact. Interventional treatment with medical devices that are not strictly sterilized can cause transmission of hepatitis B. Dental treatment, tattooing, foot trimming, ear piercing, eyebrow tattooing, etc. can transmit hepatitis B virus through instruments that are not strictly sterilized. Sharing personal items such as toothbrushes, facial scrapers, and razors with hepatitis B patients also carries the risk of hepatitis B infection. In the past, vertical transmission of hepatitis B through mother-to-child transmission accounted for the vast majority of people, but the current rate of transmission through mother-to-child interruption has declined significantly.