Lumbar protrusion and hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum lead to spinal stenosis. At present, there are two main surgical methods, one is laminectomy and the other is laminotomy and decompression. 1. Intervertebral foraminoscopy treatment: this type of surgery is minimally invasive, can remove the protruding disc under direct vision, clean up the local hyperplasia, but it also has its drawbacks, often clean up is not thorough enough, and the effect is not as good as incision and decompression for severe stenosis. 2. Incision decompression and bone graft internal fixation: this type of surgery is very traumatic, but the decompression is relatively thorough, and can solve the symptoms of spinal stenosis and nerve root compression caused by hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum. Lumbar spine surgery is routinely performed under general anesthesia, and both types of surgery have their own advantages and disadvantages, which need to be combined with the patient’s age, severity of the disease, general condition, as well as imaging tests and other factors to determine the surgical treatment plan.