Elderly people with respiratory tract infections on top of emphysema-based diseases need to be actively treated with anti-infective therapy, and at the same time given appropriate symptomatic treatment measures according to the symptoms. Patients with emphysema usually have cough, sputum, shortness of breath, dyspnea and other symptoms. If respiratory tract infection occurs, symptoms such as worsening of cough and sputum, coughing up purulent sputum, and worsening of dyspnea may occur. For respiratory tract infections, anti-infective treatment should be directed at the pathogen, and antibiotics such as levofloxacin and cephradine can usually be used if the infection is caused by bacteria. For older people with symptoms of high phlegm, the main focus is on expectoration, and expectorant drugs such as bromhexine and acetylcysteine can often be used to relieve symptoms. For older adults with asthma and dyspnea, drugs such as ipratropium bromide, aminophylline, budesonide, etc. can be used mainly to relieve spasm and asthma. If hypoxemia is present, the partial pressure of blood oxygen can be raised by low-flow oxygen. Elderly people who have emphysema along with respiratory infections should seek medical attention in a timely manner and standardize treatment under the guidance of a doctor. In addition, elderly patients should also strengthen nutrition, moderate exercise, improve the body’s immunity, avoid colds.