The surgical methods of lumbar spine are as follows: 1, lumbar fracture: including incision and internal fixation and percutaneous minimally invasive surgery; 2, lumbar disc herniation: including lumbar disc minimally invasive surgery and incision surgery; 3, lumbar spine slippage, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar degeneration: mostly open surgery, but more traumatic. With the continuous development of medical technology, percutaneous internal fixation surgery, nerve root decompression and bone graft fusion can also be performed, which has the advantages of small trauma, fast recovery and early bed activity. Suitable surgical methods should be selected under the guidance of a doctor according to the patient’s condition.