The causes of cerebral palsy are complex. Any factor that can cause brain tissue damage in the fetus or newborn can be the cause of cerebral palsy, starting from the mother’s pregnancy until 4 weeks after the child is born. Broadly speaking, the factors that cause cerebral palsy are divided into three periods: prenatal, perinatal and postnatal. Pre-birth factors usually include: maternal smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy, alcohol abuse, inappropriate medication, exposure to toxins, toxoplasma infection, rheumatism, pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension syndrome, placental dysfunction, and advanced maternal age. Perinatal factors include: forceps delivery, fetal malposition, prolonged or emergency delivery, birth asphyxia, preterm delivery, overdue delivery, multiple births, and bilirubin encephalopathy. Postnatal factors include: head trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, poisoning, nutritional disorders, etc. What are the types of pediatric cerebral palsy and what are the specific manifestations? 1. Spastic type: The muscle tone is significantly higher than that of similar normal children. When they are subjected to various stimuli: such as exertion, excitement, loss of balance, fear or anxiety, it will further lead to an increase in muscle tone. Children with more severe spasticity have significantly reduced limb movements, and the movements are stereotypical and awkward, often the head is not placed in the middle position, often turned to the side or backward, the hands and shoulders rotate inward, downward, flexion or extension; hands often become fist-like, thumb against the palm, the remaining four fingers will hold the thumb, the back of the hand facing forward, palm down; spine often varying degrees of backward convexity or scoliosis, hip joint parts often can not fully The lower extremities are often crossed, and the Achilles tendon is tense, resulting in the soles of the feet not being flattened when standing, and only the toes are on the ground. 2, tardive dyskinesia: the strength of the whole body muscle tone is constantly changing, so there are constantly unpredictable, uncontrollable trembling, and this regular involuntary movement will become more obvious when emotional or forceful. Most children with tardive dyskinesia cannot control the position of their head, hands and feet well, so their overall motor ability is poor, and their face often looks strange due to irregular and uncoordinated contraction of facial expression muscles. The mouth often does not close well, drooling is more common, and there is some chewing and swallowing difficulties during meals: these children often cannot pronounce words correctly, but all can understand adults’ language better, and their intelligence is often not easily perceived. 3. Mixed cerebral palsy: These children have both spasticity and involuntary movements. 4.Unilateral palsy: only one limb has motor dysfunction and postural disorder, while the other limb is normal; usually the motor dysfunction of the upper limb is more serious than that of the lower limb. 5.Bilateral palsy: both limbs are impaired, and the motor dysfunction of both upper limbs is much lighter than that of both lower limbs. 6.Uniplegia: The motor dysfunction only involves one upper limb or one lower limb, but in fact it is extremely rare. 7.Tetraplegia: Both limbs are impaired. The motor dysfunction of both upper extremities is more severe than that of both lower extremities, and the condition often involves the lower back, with poorer overall motor ability. 8. Soft type (hypotonia) : Soft type is usually a temporary stage and can be seen in infants. Generally, soft paralysis can continue until 2-3 years of age, and if given enough stimulation, the muscle tension will gradually improve. Most will develop into tardive dyskinesia and some will develop into spasticity. Children with flaccid palsy are very likely to be misdiagnosed as having low calcium or other disorders in the early stages and early treatment is delayed, so parents should pay full attention to this. In infancy, children with flaccid palsy are unable to suck and swallow effectively due to weak muscle contraction, so parents find it difficult to breastfeed. In infancy, children with flaccid palsy are unable to cough up secretions and abnormalities in the trachea due to weak cough reflex, so bronchitis and lung infections are very likely to occur. Parents should be highly vigilant and not let the child lie prone alone without supervision. 9. Simple ataxia: extremely rare, these children lack stability and coordination in their movements, have excessive limb movements, sometimes accompanied by rhythmic tremors, walk at a staggering pace, and often overexert themselves when their feet touch the ground.