Smallpox vaccination is no longer required. Smallpox vaccination is no longer required for newborns worldwide, except for certain individuals who are researching or may have been exposed to smallpox. Smallpox is a virulent infectious disease caused by the smallpox virus. With the widespread use of the smallpox vaccine, newborns all over the world no longer need to be vaccinated with the smallpox vaccine (cowpox vaccine), which was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in May 1980 to have virtually disappeared globally. At present, newborns in China only need to be vaccinated with BCG and Hepatitis B vaccines, and do not need to be vaccinated with smallpox vaccine, and the production of smallpox vaccine has long been stopped in most countries, with only a small amount of stockpiled vaccine being produced in some countries.