A 60-year-old male patient with a 10-year history of hypertension. He was taking oral antihypertensive medication and had fair blood pressure control. Recently in January, he came to the outpatient clinic with stomach pain and fatigue. After detailed questioning and physical examination, the doctor considered the possibility of anemia. He suggested the patient to do routine blood test and gastroscopy. The routine blood test report showed that the hemoglobin was 68g/L. The patient was moderately anemic. The doctor told the patient that there was anemia and that the cause of the anemia needed to be further examined. The patient immediately questioned the accuracy of the test: I’ve had high blood pressure (hypertension) for 10 years, how did I suddenly become hypoglycemic (anemic)? Was I given the wrong test? In fact, there was a discrepancy in this patient’s understanding of hypertension and anemia. There is not much relationship between the two. Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood inside the arteries on the walls of the arteries, and is related to the volume of blood and the elasticity of the walls of the blood vessels. Anemia is a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia does not affect blood volume or the function of blood vessel walls, and there is no connection between the two. That is to say, patients with anemia can have high blood pressure, and patients with high blood pressure can also have anemia. Through the doctor’s simple explanation, the patient gradually understands the relationship between anemia and hypertension.