Lymphoma is a hematologic disease and most lymphomas can be cured. The prognosis of lymphoma requires a combination of pathologic findings and molecular biological features, but certain conditions, especially standardized chemotherapy, are required for the cure of lymphoma. In addition to chemotherapy, radiation therapy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma. In lymphoma, the corresponding pathological diagnosis should be clarified and targeted medication should be used, and mostly good treatment results can be achieved. In the enlargement of lymph nodes, besides lymphoma, the more common cause of lymph node enlargement is caused by inflammation. Patients with bacteria, viruses or tumors of the digestive tract can cause enlargement of lymph nodes in the corresponding area. To determine the cause of swollen lymph nodes, attention should be paid to finding the basic etiology leading to the occurrence of swollen lymph nodes, especially inflammatory diseases or tumor diseases. If the cause of swollen lymph nodes cannot be clearly identified, puncture biopsy or surgical excision should be performed to determine the pathological nature of swollen lymph nodes.