The main causes of cerebral white matter lesions are immunodeficiency demyelination, viral infection or poisoning, and some hereditary cerebral white matter lesions. For immunodeficiency demyelination, glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, are used. The main treatment is the application of glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, or immunomodulators, or beta interferon, or gammaglobulin. For white matter lesions caused by viral infections, the main treatment is antiviral therapy, but there are no specific drugs for viruses. For white matter lesions caused by poisoning, treatment is also needed to remove toxins. However, in the case of demyelinating lesions caused by genetic factors, there is still no cure for cerebral white matter lesions. For the treatment of this disease, the main thing is to detect and control the cerebral white matter lesions other than genetic factors at an early stage.