Case Sharing: Ms. Leung, 30 years old, went to the hospital because she had not been pregnant after 3 years of marriage. After questioning, the doctor learned that Ms. Liang’s menstruation started to become very irregular 3 years ago, and was often accompanied by hot flashes, excessive sweating, insomnia and other discomforts. What made Ms. Liang even more depressed was that many yellow spots suddenly appeared on her face. After detailed examination, Ms. Liang was diagnosed with premature ovarian failure. Ms. Liang usually pays attention to the maintenance, how come she suffers from premature ovarian failure at a young age? Can she still get pregnant? Patients with premature ovarian failure are on the rise Premature ovarian failure refers to women who have established regular menstruation, but before the age of 40, persistent amenorrhea and atrophy of the sex organs, the rise in the level of gonadotropins and the decline in estrogen, the incidence of which accounted for 1-3% of adult women, and in recent years there has been a trend of continuous increase. Patients often present with menstrual disorders or progressive scanty menstruation, followed by amenorrhea, and are accompanied by pre and postmenopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and excessive sweating, dry skin, and vaginal dryness of varying degrees. The ovary is the most important female reproductive organ and the main reproductive endocrine gland. It has two main functions, one is the reproductive function, i.e. generating mature follicles and ovulation; the other is the function of secreting sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, androgen, etc.), which are involved in the regulation of the body’s physiological functions, maintaining the balance of the secretion system, and preserving the female characteristics and body shape. Ovarian failure firstly affects women’s reproductive physiology, resulting in the inability to produce and discharge qualified mature eggs, thus affecting pregnancy; secondly, it may have certain effects on women’s physique, skin, hair and even voice, etc., and different degrees of menopausal syndrome symptoms may appear. At present, the exact cause of premature ovarian failure is not clear, but more certain chromosomal abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, infections, taking certain drugs, surgery, viral infections, radiotherapy and other aspects of the factors, other causes of life stress, mental tension, bad habits and environmental pollution. Menstrual disorders should find the cause of the disease as early as possible. So far, there is no clear and effective treatment that can restore ovarian function. The key to treating premature ovarian failure is early detection and treatment. Once a woman finds that her menstrual flow has decreased or suddenly stops, she should go to the hospital without delay, so as not to miss the best time for treatment. The treatment of premature ovarian failure should be based on the patient’s specific situation, such as age, cause of the disease, the presence of fertility requirements, the presence of developing follicles in the ovaries and other comprehensive considerations to determine the treatment program. Currently, the most commonly used treatment for premature ovarian failure is estrogen-progestin artificial cycle therapy. This treatment can not only alleviate the symptoms of vasodilatory instability caused by the reduction of estrogen, but also prevent atrophy of sex organs, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases caused by lipid metabolism disorders. However, long-term use of the drug should be wary of liver function damage, thrombosis and increased risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer, so it should be used under medical supervision. For women with reproductive requirements, estrogen-progestin artificial cycle treatment can be used for 3~5 months to monitor ovulation and guide sexual life, and assisted reproductive technology can be used to help patients realize fertility if necessary.