A. Knee pain
1.Knee arthritis
2. Intra-articular injuries and lesions
(1) Meniscal injury: mostly with a history of trauma, there may be pressure points in the joint space, and the pain disappears after rest.
(2) Cruciate ligament injury: mostly history of trauma, joint instability.
(3) Cartilage injury: fracture may occur after articular cartilage injury.
(4) Joint free body: the joint appears to be interlocked, and the pain disappears after rest.
(5) Bin cartilage chondromalacia: easy to occur in young adults, painful standing after sitting, painful going up and down stairs.
(6) Fat pad inflammation: mostly seen in obese women, standing, walking can be painful, and there are pressure points at the fat pad.
3.Synovial lesions
(1)Synovial osteochondromatosis: this disease is a chronic disease of the synovial membrane, mainly involving the lacrimal joint.
(2)pigmented villous nodular synovitis
(3) limited nodular synovitis
(4) Ankylosing spondylitis
5.Rheumatoid arthritis
6.Lupus erythematosus
Second, hip pain
1.Femoral neck fracture
It can be divided into incomplete fracture and non-displaced fracture and displaced fracture.
2.Slipped epiphysis of femoral head
Trauma can lead to epiphyseal displacement, and spontaneous slipped epiphysis can be secondary to sepsis, renal rickets, chondrodysplasia and multiple bone marrow development abnormalities.
3.Rheumatoid hip arthritis
This disease is a systemic disease, which can occur at any age. There is morning stiffness of the joint in the early stage, followed by gradual hip pain.
4.Ankylosing spondylitis
This disease is a chronic progressive inflammation of the spine, invading the sacroiliac joint, joint synapses and nearby ligaments and large joints of the trunk leading to fibrous, bony ankylosis and deformity, lower back pain and stiffness; thoracic pain and stiffness, lumbar spine movement is limited.
5.Septic hip osteoarthritis
This disease is an acute and serious joint infection. It mostly occurs in children and adolescents.
6.Tuberculosis of the hip joint
Early symptoms are pain in the medulla, which gradually worsens, and there may be symptoms of tuberculosis poisoning.
7.Temporary osteochondritis
This is a non-specific inflammatory disease that can heal spontaneously. It is characterized by the disappearance of painful symptoms within a few weeks and lasting recovery.
8.Ischemic necrosis of femoral head
Pain in the hip, with vague and gradual dull pain, and clinical symptoms such as claudication may occur.
9.Osteoarthritis of the hip joint
The clinical symptoms of this disease are characterized by slow onset, and serious patients may develop joint stiffness and limp.
10.Soft tissue disorders of the hip
11.Tumor and tumor-like lesions of the hip
12.Staining villous nodular synovitis, hemophilic arthritis, exfoliative osteochondritis and other diseases often occur in the hip joint.
Third, shoulder joint pain
1. Soft tissue diseases and injuries of the shoulder
(1) Shoulder joint periarthritis. The affected shoulder is painful all day long, especially at night. Shoulder movement is obviously limited, especially abduction and external rotation.
(2) Rotator cuff tear: Mostly seen in young adults, injury is the cause.
(3)Subacromial bursitis
(4)supraspinatus tenosynovitis
(5)Biceps long head key sheathing
2.Shoulder arthritis
If the onset is acute, the joint area is swollen, severe pain, and high fever.
3.Shoulder tumor.
Shoulder tumors include tumors occurring in the upper humerus, scapula and clavicle.
4.Ankylosing spondylitis shoulder joint damage
5.Rheumatoid arthritis shoulder joint damage
6.Lupus erythematosus shoulder joint pain
IV. Elbow joint pain
Swelling and pain of the whole elbow joint without redness or swelling and limitation of joint movement are mostly seen in synovitis of the elbow joint.
Cystic swelling at the tip of the hawk of the elbow joint with mild or no pain is commonly seen in ulnar hawk bursitis, mostly caused by trauma or chronic irritation
Swelling of the elbow joint and a sensation of friction when the joint moves, often accompanied by pain, are mostly caused by proliferative osteoarthritis; swelling of the elbow joint, with the joint sometimes restricted in movement due to interlocking, may be exfoliative osteochondritis of the elbow joint; progressive swelling of the elbow joint with increased pain when moving is mostly elbow joint tuberculosis; septic arthritis should be considered if the joint is swollen and accompanied by redness, swelling, heat and pain.
Ankylosing spondylitis with swollen and painful joints mostly has sacroiliac joint damage.
In rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor and cyclic pegylate polypeptide antibodies are positive.
In lupus erythematosus, manifestations such as butterfly-shaped erythema can occur.
Arthralgia should first be clarified as to the cause, and then treated according to the etiological condition.