The evolution of colonic lesions from adenoma to cancer takes about 10-15 years and is a genetic alteration with multi-gene involvement. Relevant high-risk factors have been recognized, such as excessive intake of animal fat and protein, lack of fresh vegetables and fiber, lack of physical labor, genetic susceptibility, and familial intestinal polyposis as precancerous lesions. Colonic adenoma, ulcerative colitis, and granuloma of colonic schistosomiasis are more closely related to the development of colon cancer.