When it comes to low back pain, people often think of lumbar disc herniation. However, lumbar disc herniation is only one of the common causes of low back pain, there are many common causes that can also cause low back pain symptoms, however, they are often overlooked. In addition to disc herniation, the following lesions are also common causes of low back and leg pain: a. Discogenic pain Chronic lower back pain caused by intra-disc disorders such as degeneration, fibrous annulus inversus and discitis that stimulate pain receptors within the disc, without radicular symptoms and without radiological evidence of nerve root compression or excessive displacement of vertebral segments, can be described as chemically mediated discogenic pain. These patients often do not see obvious signs of disc herniation on CT and X-ray examinations, and some patients can be found to have reduced disc signal on MRI, called the “black disc sign”. The vertebral endplate is mostly caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, causing vertebral endplate for a variety of reasons, such as age, old trauma, aseptic inflammation, long-term use of hormones, etc. It is an aseptic inflammatory disease with clinical manifestations of lumbar pain, which can be accompanied by radiating pain above the knee of the lower limbs. Sacroiliac arthritis is an aseptic inflammation of the sacroiliac joint, which can occur as part of ankylosing spondylitis, or independently because of birth injuries. It is common in young men and women with a history of childbirth. The pain is predominantly in the lumbosacral region and prevents prolonged standing. In some patients, increased joint density can be seen on CT and X-ray examinations, and the diagnosis is easily confirmed with clinical examination and laboratory tests. Fourth, hip arthritis hip joint surface long-term weight imbalance caused by the degeneration of articular cartilage or bone structure changes in a class of osteoarthritic disease. The main manifestations are pain (can be radiated to the knee), swelling, joint effusion, cartilage wear, bone spur growth, joint deformation, limited internal rotation and extension of the hip, inability to walk or even bedridden, etc. in the lateral hip and groin. X-rays, CT and MRI examinations can reveal osteophytes, joint destruction and joint effusion, and it is not difficult to diagnose when combined with clinical examination. V. Posterior branch of lumbar nerve pain Mainly the pain produced by the posterior branch of lumbar nerve due to acute lumbar injury, lumbar spine small joint hyperplasia and other reasons to compress the posterior branch of lumbar nerve, the pain is mainly in the lumbosacral region, and may be accompanied by hip and lower limb pain, but the lower limb pain is usually not beyond the knee joint. In addition to the above-mentioned causes, aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, third lumbar transverse process syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, lumbar spine tuberculosis, epiglottic neuralgia, sacral canal cysts and many other causes can cause lumbar and leg pain.