There are multiple possible etiologies when a patient presents with the medical condition of a tumor below the ear. Some patients may present with a localized sebaceous cyst below the ear, which tends to appear as a cyst-like bulge. If a secondary infection occurs, this can further cause a pustular cyst, which can be localized with significant congestion, swelling and pain. Some patients may also develop localized lymph nodes below the ear, often with painful pressure. This condition is often associated with acute inflammatory infectious disease of the skin and respiratory tract in the immediate area. Some patients may have painless lymph node enlargement, which may be related to malignant neoplastic diseases of the nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx, pharynx, and need to pay attention to further detailed examination.