Inflammation of the periosteum is a common disease in daily life and is caused by two main reasons: 1) induced appearance due to septic bacterial infection; 2) appearance due to aseptic inflammation of the periosteum. Septic bacterial infections, mainly open trauma, peripheral septic infections, such as blood-borne metastases leading to inflammation of the periosteum. Aseptic inflammation basically occurs due to prolonged standing in daily life, or prolonged heavy labor or strenuous activity, resulting in prolonged periosteal strain or frictional congestion and edema, and the formation of aseptic inflammation. Patients should go to the hospital in time to check the specific cause of periosteal inflammation, and then give targeted treatment.