Patients with esophageal cancer complicating with esophageal fistula may have choking cough, chest tightness, chest pain, fever and other symptoms on the basis of esophageal cancer symptoms. Esophageal fistula is one of the serious complications of esophageal cancer patients, which is due to the abnormal traffic between esophagus and neighboring organs caused by cancer lesion invasion, and it can be clearly diagnosed after auxiliary examination such as esophageal iodine oil imaging and esophagography. The main symptom of esophageal fistula is paroxysmal violent choking and coughing after drinking or eating and swallowing, coughing up food residue, which may be accompanied by cough, sputum or fever, and there may be retrosternal pain or shoulder involvement pain; in serious cases, it may be complicated with lung infection, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and even life-threatening. It is suggested that patients with esophageal cancer that may be complicated with esophageal fistula should go to the Department of Oncology, Head and Neck Surgery of regular hospitals in time, so as to avoid delaying their condition.