Erythrocyte bitemporal examination is mainly through the bitemporal microscopy to check the urine red blood cell morphology, according to the urine red blood cell morphology can identify the source of hematuria, glomerular origin hematuria is generally dominated by abnormal morphology red blood cells.
Hematuria includes glomerular hematuria and non-glomerular hematuria.
1. Glomerular hematuria: common in various glomerular diseases, such as acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus secondary glomerular damage, etc., or transient hematuria caused by strenuous exercise.
2. Non-glomerular hematuria: often originates from the urinary system below the glomerulus, such as urinary tract infections, urinary stones, congenital urinary tract anomalies, drug-induced injury to the kidney and bladder.
For patients with glomerular disease without tubulointerstitial damage, most of the erythrocytes in the urine are malformed erythrocytes. This is mainly due to fission deformation of red blood cells caused by osmotic gradient in normal renal tubules, or rupture of red blood cells due to extrusion when they pass through the glomerular basement membrane.
In patients with non-glomerular hematuria, a normal osmotic gradient cannot be formed in the renal tubules, so the red blood cells will not be deformed, and the shape and size of the red blood cells in the urine are normal.
Clinical urine erythrocyte phase examination results such as deformed red blood cells accounted for more than 80%, often suggesting glomerulonephritis, if accounted for less than 20% often suggests that the non-glomerular hematuria, and if between 20 ~ 80% can be considered mixed hematuria. At the same time, it should be combined with the patient’s clinical manifestations, urinary protein condition, imaging examination to comprehensive analysis and judgment.
It is recommended that patients who need to undergo erythrocyte phase examination should consult the hospital in a timely manner and follow the doctor’s instructions to complete the relevant examinations.