Vertebroplasty, known clinically as percutaneous translaminar vertebroplasty (PVP), is a minimally invasive procedure that strengthens the vertebral body by injecting bone cement (polymethyl acrylate, PMMA) or artificial bone into the diseased vertebral body. The application of PVP to the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures was first reported in the United States in 1994. PVP is performed by making an incision of about 2 mm in the patient’s back and using a special puncture needle to enter the vertebral body via skin puncture under X-ray supervision to establish a working channel to inject bone cement or artificial bone into the vertebral body to stabilize the fractured vertebral body and prevent further collapse, providing significant pain relief. The pain relief rate reported in the literature is 70%-95%. the operation time of PVP is about 30 minutes, and the patient can leave bed and resume normal life under the protection of external fixation 24 hours after the operation, which reduces the incidence of bedridden fracture-related complications such as decubitus ulcers and pneumonia. The mechanism of pain relief by PVP may be the anchoring of the bone cement in the fractured vertebral body, which fixes microfractures in the osteoporotic vertebral body and increases the stability of the vertebral body, thus reducing the stimulation of nociceptive nerve endings in the vertebral body; it is also possible that the exothermic and toxic effects of the polymerization reaction of the bone cement destroy the nerve endings and inflammatory nociceptive factors in the vertebral body, altering the microenvironment in the vertebral body and reducing pain sensitivity. This changes the microenvironment of the vertebral body, decreases pain sensitivity, and blocks the production of pain mediators to achieve pain relief. PVP cannot restore the normal height of the spine, and although the pain is relieved after surgery, the patient may still have a hunchback deformity. In recent years, percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been developed to restore the height of the vertebral body and maintain the physiological curvature of the patient’s spine by inserting special tools (balloons, etc.) into the vertebral body.