Clinical microlithiasis, which is testicular microlithiasis, may affect fertility and requires prompt treatment. Testicular microlithiasis refers to the syndrome formed by calcified foci that are diffusely distributed in the testicular seminiferous tubules and less than 3mm in diameter, which can be detected by imaging examinations such as ultrasound. Since the disease has no specific clinical manifestations, it can be detected during the examination of other testicular diseases, which makes it easy to delay the diagnosis or even miss the diagnosis. The cause of testicular microlithiasis is still unclear, and it may be caused by ischemic or obstructive lesions due to various factors, and it is also related to tumors, autoimmunity and other factors. These factors may induce excessive apoptosis of spermatogonial cells, resulting in the formation of large amounts of cellular debris, which can give rise to microlithiasis. In addition, there may be a correlation between pediatric patients with testicular microlithiasis and factors such as obesity. The long-term presence of testicular microlithiasis may affect spermatogenesis, which in turn may affect fertility. It is recommended to consult a doctor for timely examination and treatment under medical supervision.