The length of life for cavitary tuberculosis depends on the patient’s condition and whether he or she is on active and effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, which varies from patient to patient. Cavitary tuberculosis is one of the secondary types of tuberculosis, and its main cause is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. If the patient’s general condition is good and he or she also cooperates with the physician to adhere to early, regular, combined, moderate and full anti-tuberculosis treatment, most patients can be completely cured and live as long as normal healthy people. If the patient’s condition is severe, if the early anti-tuberculosis treatment is not standardized and the condition is repeated, or if the patient is infected with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the prognosis is relatively poor. Patients with cavitary tuberculosis are highly contagious, so they should pay attention to protection, wear a mask when they go out, and try not to mix household items with family members to avoid infecting others.