Squamous carcinoma of the bladder refers to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, which is now considered by most scholars to be the result of long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation and other causes. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is an epithelial malignant tumor originating from the bladder mucosa. Microscopically, the cancer cells have a single squamous cell phenotype, referred to as squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. It is mostly believed to be a malignant tumor that develops after squamous metaplasia of the urinary tract epithelium caused by long-term chronic irritation. Chronic irritants including long-term indwelling urinary catheters, schistosomiasis of the bladder, chronic cystitis, bladder stones, and long-term cyclophosphamide use may, cause the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder is characterized by high malignancy, rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis. Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder caused by Schistosoma haematobium is usually better differentiated, with a lower rate of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. When diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of bladder, one should actively cooperate with doctors for treatment to improve the quality of life.