Many people have experienced the symptoms of “acid reflux and heartburn”, and most of them think it is caused by improper diet and do not care much about it. However, when these symptoms occur frequently, or are accompanied by other symptoms, it may be a pathological phenomenon, clinically known as “gastroesophageal reflux disease”. Gastroesophageal reflux can be caused by many factors, such as: dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter; delayed gastric emptying; decreased peristaltic function of the esophagus itself, which cannot rapidly remove reflux; abnormal protrusion of part of the stomach into the thoracic cavity, forming a hiatal hernia, and destruction of the natural anti-reflux barrier, etc. In these cases, gastroesophageal reflux is likely to occur. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is caused by the reflux of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus, which can cause damage to the esophageal mucous membrane tissue, and in severe cases, reflux esophagitis, esophageal ulcer or esophageal stricture or even cancer. When the reflux enters the respiratory tract, it can also lead to aspiration pneumonia, asthma and other diseases. In addition to GERD, acid reflux and heartburn symptoms can occur in normal people or in people with ulcers. However, when the symptom occurs in normal people, most of the time it lasts no more than 5 minutes at a time and no more than 1 hour throughout the day. In ulcer disease, acid reflux and heartburn symptoms tend to occur on an empty stomach and may be relieved after eating. In contrast, acid reflux, heartburn, regurgitation, belching and retrosternal pain in GERD tend to occur on a full stomach and after a meal. Some patients with GERD may have atypical symptoms such as abnormal sensation in the pharynx, chest tightness and breath-holding, which sometimes lead to misdiagnosis. The treatment of GERD is a long-term and systematic process. Treatment methods such as changing lifestyle habits, medication, and surgery can be used. Medication is mainly acid suppression and prokinetic therapy, etc. Since the symptoms of GERD sometimes do not correspond to the degree of the disease, and the symptoms are very likely to recur after inappropriate discontinuation of medication, patients should undergo regular treatment and regular review under the guidance of a physician. Surgical treatment should be chosen when drug control is unsatisfactory or when the patient is unwilling to take medication for a long time and in some special cases (e.g. esophageal hiatal hernia). At present, Nissen first reported fundoplication for GERD in 1955, which has been used since then because of its novelty and excellent efficacy, and is internationally recognized as the best surgical treatment for GERD. Through further improvement, the procedure can now be done laparoscopically with minimal surgical trauma, requiring only five 5- to 10-mm keyhole-sized incisions in the abdominal wall, with almost invisible scars and a recovery time of only 2 or 3 days, which is popular among patients and is known as the “gold medal procedure” for the treatment of GERD at home and abroad. It is popular among patients and is known as the “gold medal” procedure for the treatment of reflux esophagitis at home and abroad.