Tumors in the cerebellar vermis, the area between the cerebellar hemispheres, are the most common site for brain tumors in children. Tumors in the cerebellar vermis often cause instability in standing and walking, and when the tumor grows further, it may block the fourth ventricle of the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus and causing cerebrospinal fluid circulation disorders, which can lead to increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, vomiting and other symptoms. There are many types of tumors that occur in the cerebellar region, the most common being medulloblastoma and glioma. Medulloblastoma is a common malignant tumor in children, and the current molecular typing can better reflect the therapeutic effect of medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma can be classified into four types according to molecular typing, namely WNT, SHH, Group3 and Group4, among which WNT type has the best prognosis, while Group3 type is most likely to recur and spread, and the therapeutic effect of SHH and Group4 type is in the middle. The results of SHH and Group4 types are located in the middle. The common type of cerebellar earthworm glioma is hairy cell astrocytoma, which can be cured by surgical resection, and it is a kind of cerebellar glioma with better treatment effect. A key factor in the outcome of cerebellar earthworm tumors is the nature and type of the tumor, which can only be diagnosed by surgical removal of the tumor and pathology. Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant brain tumor. Medulloblastoma needs to be removed as completely as possible in the operating room, and the tumor needs to be completely removed in order to achieve a better therapeutic effect. At the same time, medulloblastoma also needs to be supplemented with whole-center radiotherapy and chemotherapy to further kill possible residual tumor cells in order to achieve the best therapeutic effect.