Rheumatic heart disease, referred to as rheumatic heart disease, is a heart valve disease caused by rheumatic fever invading the valves of the heart, mainly the mitral valve, followed by the aortic valve, and then the pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve, etc. Its clinical manifestations vary. In the early stage of the disease, there can be no clinical symptoms, and as the disease worsens, heart failure due to mitral valve insufficiency or mitral valve stenosis, etc., pulmonary edema, dyspnea, hemoptysis, etc., can occur. If the aortic valve is invaded, aortic valve insufficiency or aortic stenosis can occur and corresponding cardiac insufficiency or angina pectoris, syncope, and even sudden death in severe cases. The treatment of rheumatic heart disease in the early stage is mainly to protect the heart function, avoid increasing the heart load and prevent infection; in the later stage when the disease is serious, if heart failure occurs, symptomatic treatment is given, such as the use of cardiotonic, diuretic and vasodilator drugs. If the disease progresses to a certain level, surgical intervention is required, such as valvuloplasty and valve replacement. In addition, rheumatic heart disease is often combined with atrial fibrillation, which requires anticoagulation therapy. In conclusion, patients with rheumatic heart disease need to go to a specialized hospital and undergo standardized treatment.