We all know that bladder cancer is twice as common in men as in women, suggesting that androgenic pathways may be associated with the development of bladder tumors. A recent study provides strong evidence. In this study, Japanese scientists reviewed the data of a total of 20,328 prostate cancer patients from dozens of well-known Japanese clinical centers and selected 239 patients who also had primary bladder cancer, from which 162 patients were screened. Two groups were divided, one with previous androgen stripping treatment (76) and one without previous androgen stripping treatment (86 patients). At a mean follow-up of 62 months, recurrence occurred in 50% (38) of the 76 patients with bladder cancer not treated with androgen stripping and in only 19 (22%) of the 86 patients treated with androgen stripping. 5-year cumulative recurrence-free survival was significantly reduced from 76% in the group not treated with androgen stripping to 40% in the group treated with androgen stripping, a reduction of almost half. This study is the first to validate the correlation between bladder tumors and androgens from an epidemiological perspective, and on the other hand, it suggests that treatment targeting androgen signaling pathways may be one of the treatment options for some patients with bladder tumors, providing a new direction for the clinical treatment of bladder cancer. (Oncotarget, 2014 Dec 24).