Many cancers are silent, what do you need to check to confirm bladder cancer diagnosis?
Some cancer symptoms are not painful 1. Painless hematuria Blood in urine without abdominal pain is an early symptom of kidney cancer and bladder cancer. If there is blood in urine with abdominal pain, it may be urinary stones. Therefore, the difference between benign and malignant diseases mainly depends on the presence or absence of abdominal pain.
2. Painless breast lump If there is no pain in the breast lump, if the surface is uneven when touched by hand, without obvious boundary with the surrounding normal tissues, and if the texture is hard, it may be breast cancer.
3. Painless vaginal bleeding In middle-aged and elderly women, if painless contact bleeding occurs suddenly, it may be a symptom of cervical cancer or uterine cancer.
4.Blood in painless nasal discharge No symptoms such as headache, sore throat and nasal pain, but frequent blood in the nasal discharge or blood clots suggest the possibility of nasopharyngeal cancer.
5.No painful skin keratosis Prevalent on the face and back of hands, with round rash-like skin changes, local flatness or slight elevation, brownish yellow or black crust attached to the surface, but no pain, which is a precancerous manifestation of skin cancer.
6. Painless lymph node enlargement If one or more lymph nodes in the groin, submandibular, axilla, neck, posterior occipital bone and around the ear are painlessly enlarged and hard, it should be alerted to chronic lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma.
7. Painless gastric ulcer Some elderly people who suffer from gastric ulcer have no abdominal pain but suddenly have black stool, and after gastroscopy, it is found that the gastric ulcer has developed into gastric cancer. Therefore, elderly people should try to do gastroscopy or upper gastrointestinal barium angiography during physical examination, if it belongs to painless gastric ulcer, early detection and early treatment can avoid cancer.
What tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis of bladder cancer 1.Cystoscopy: This is a necessary test to diagnose bladder cancer. Through this examination, we can directly observe whether there is a tumor in the bladder cavity. If there is a tumor, what is its location, size, shape and number, and whether it is accompanied by other lesions, such as cystitis, prostate enlargement or cancer. The ureteral orifice is also observed for blood spurting to determine if the same lesions exist in the kidney and ureter. Through the observation of the meat limit of the tumor, we can roughly determine its malignancy and differentiate it from involute papilloma or adenoid cystitis, but we should take biopsies of the mass as far as possible to make pathological diagnosis and the level of tumor differentiation for reference when formulating treatment plans.
2.Urine cytology examination: i.e. collecting tumor cells from urine through staining smear for microscopic observation, which is valuable for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and follow-up after treatment, and the general positive rate can reach about 70%.
3.Excretory urography: That is, intravenous urography, through this examination to rule out the existence of the same tumor in kidney and ureter. When the contrast agent is drained into the bladder, there is no contrast agent in the occupied area of bladder cancer, that is, it shows the image of filling defect. For patients with narrow urethra and unable to perform cystoscopy, this can be used as a reference for diagnosing bladder cancer.
4.Cystography: When the filling defect of bladder shown by excretory urography is not clear enough, contrast agent can be injected into the bladder through the catheter and cystography can be performed to help diagnose the new disease.
5.B ultrasound or (and) CT scan: It can show the location, size and shape of bladder cancer and its projection into or out of the bladder cavity, and even the invasion and metastasis to the prostate and pelvis, which can help to determine the stage of the tumor.
6.MRI examination: In addition to the examination effects of ultrasound and CT, for advanced cases with extensive metastasis in the abdomen and pelvis, the large frontal and lateral images and the focal images with strong resolution can provide a more comprehensive observation of the invasion range of tumor.