The key to whether epilepsy can be cured is the cause Epilepsy is a transient brain dysfunction caused by sudden abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain and is a chronic disease. The overall prevalence of epilepsy in China is 7.0‰. The clinical manifestations of seizures are complex and varied due to the different sites of abnormal discharges and transmission methods, and can manifest as seizure disorders, sensory disorders, autonomic disorders, loss of consciousness and mental abnormalities. The most common and easily distinguishable type of seizure is tonic-clonic seizure, which is characterized by sudden collapse, unconsciousness, tonicity of the limbs, foaming at the mouth, eyes rolled up, blue face, followed by clonus of the limbs, which lasts for several minutes and then recovers by itself. Other common types of seizures are akathisia, tonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, spastic seizures, atonic seizures, simple partial seizures, and complex partial seizures. The causes of epilepsy include brain disorders and systemic or systematic disorders. (e.g., cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infarction and cerebral aneurysm, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, etc.), degenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, picaresis, etc.). Systemic or systemic diseases include: hypoxia (e.g., asphyxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, etc.), metabolic diseases (e.g., hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, phenylketonuria, uremia, etc.), endocrine diseases (e.g., hypoparathyroidism, insulinoma, etc.), cardiovascular diseases (e.g., A-Syndrome, hypertensive encephalopathy, etc.), toxic diseases (e.g., organophosphorus poisoning, certain heavy metal poisoning ) and others (e.g. hematologic diseases, rheumatic diseases, eclampsia, etc.). Doctors choose appropriate medications to control seizures according to the type of seizure, and also try to find the cause of each patient’s seizures. The efficacy varies from cause to cause, with some requiring long-term medication to control seizures, some requiring only short-term medication or even no medication, and some requiring surgical treatment. How is neurology used to cure epilepsy? Currently about 40% or more of epilepsy can be cured by finding the cause and treating the cause. For patients who cannot find the cause, reasonable and regular antiepileptic drug treatment is the key. After regular antiepileptic drug treatment, more than 95% of patients can have good control of epileptic symptoms, and 50% to 60% of them can be cured only after 2 to 5 years of treatment, when the lesions causing epilepsy in the brain are gradually repaired. In other patients, the lesions are not effectively repaired, and they require long-term or even lifelong medication for seizure control. Some non-pharmacological treatments are also often required, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, chronic cerebellar electrical stimulation, and ketogenic diet. The physician will make the appropriate choices based on the needs of the condition. How is neurosurgery used to cure epilepsy? With advances in electrophysiology and imaging technology, the localization of epileptogenic foci is becoming more precise, and neurosurgery has made great progress in the treatment of epilepsy. However, not all patients with epilepsy are suitable for surgical treatment. The indications for surgery are: (1) patients with drug-refractory epilepsy who cannot be treated with a combination of drugs and whose symptoms seriously affect their daily work and life; (2) partial epilepsy with a clear localization of the epileptogenic region and a single, limited lesion; (3) surgery that does not cause important functional deficits. Considering the damage to the brain caused by surgery, a decision on surgical treatment requires a joint consultation between neurologists and surgeons to ensure that the benefits of surgery far outweigh those of conservative treatment before a prudent decision is made. After years of efforts, about 40% of patients with refractory epilepsy in China can obtain satisfactory results after surgical treatment to remove the epileptogenic lesion. However, some of these patients only get good results in the short term, with poor long-term healing, and some people have increased seizures or new seizure types after one year. The reasons for this are many, including the complexity of the epileptogenic foci and the difficulty in pinpointing them, or the extensive origin of the foci, which cannot be completely eradicated by local excision, or the scars caused by the surgical incision itself, which may form new foci. Surgical treatment requires careful evaluation in conjunction with internal medicine.