Cerebral palsy, often referred to as cerebral palsy, is a medical concept that refers to non-progressive brain damage caused by various causes from before birth to 1 month after birth, mainly in the form of limb movement disorders and abnormal posture during movement. The etiology of cerebral palsy may be diverse, and despite many related studies, the exact cause of the disease is still not well understood to date. Ischemia and hypoxia during prematurity are probably the most important causes of cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy has a severe impact on the motor function of the child and has a high rate of disability, which seriously affects the quality of life of the child and his or her family. Cerebral palsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder in children and adolescents, and the number of people affected is enormous. According to epidemiological surveys in China, the prevalence of cerebral palsy among children aged 0-6 years is 1.2‰ to 2.7‰, with a male to female ratio of 1.13 to 1.57:1, and there are about 6 million children with cerebral palsy in China. In addition, tens of thousands of new children with cerebral palsy appear every year. Children with cerebral palsy actually not only affect the quality of life of individual families, but also create a serious social burden that requires the attention and care of the whole society. The main manifestation of cerebral palsy is backward motor development and reduced active movement; patients are behind in both gross and fine motor development. In the neonatal period, the main manifestations are reduced movements and poor sucking and feeding response. In addition, the child may exhibit abnormal muscle tone: folding knife, gear-like increase or hypotonia in the limbs and trunk. The child may also have postural abnormalities, such as a “scissor” gait and “X-legged” posture in prone, supine, sitting, or upright positions. Neurological examinations often reveal abnormal reflexes: delayed disappearance of primary reflexes, diminished or delayed protective reflexes. Other manifestations are often combined with epilepsy, mental retardation, speech disorders, perceptual disorders, hydrocephalus, etc. Children with cerebral palsy require long-term comprehensive treatment. In general, the more limbs involved, the more difficult it is to treat. Spastic biplegia and hemiplegia are the most effective, and tardive dyskinesia is the least effective. The core of the treatment method is rehabilitation, which is specialized motor function training. On top of functional training, neurosurgical treatment is needed to achieve the best results. Some children who do not receive timely and effective treatment will require appropriate orthopedic surgery in the adolescent stage. The functional rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is lengthy. After the child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, he or she should receive professional functional rehabilitation training in a timely manner. We advocate parental involvement in the treatment, which means that parents learn to give rehabilitation to their children. Under the guidance of the doctor, parents give their children long-term home training, which is the most cost-effective way to give them long-term rehabilitation. In addition to motor rehabilitation, rehabilitation also includes appropriate comprehensive interventions for speech, intelligence, epilepsy, and behavioral abnormalities. In general, most children with spastic cerebral palsy need to be rehabilitated until about 5 years of age before undergoing neurosurgery. The main reason for observing until 5 years of age is that some children with spastic cerebral palsy may develop other symptoms before 5 years of age, namely the development of torsional spasms, which require specific treatment. If the spasticity of the limb is so severe that rehabilitation does not relieve the child’s symptoms, then the surgery can be advanced to about 3 years of age. Neurosurgery for spastic cerebral palsy mainly includes (1) electrophysiologically monitored selective posterior spinal nerve root dissection (SPR or SDR): the surgery is performed on the lumbar or cervical segment of the spinal cord to relieve spasticity of a wide range of muscle groups in the lower and upper extremities, respectively. During the procedure, the posterior spinal nerve roots, or sensory root bundles, are electrically stimulated, and the muscle response is observed to identify the responsible posterior root bundles that are associated with spasm formation, and the abnormal bundles are cut to reduce spasm and reduce complications such as sensory and motor interference. Because the sensory nerves are selectively cut, motor function is generally not affected. (2) Selective peripheral neurotomy (SPN): SPN can be used when the spasticity is limited, conservative treatment is ineffective, and there is no fixed contracture deformity. For example, myocutaneous nerve SPN surgery can treat elbow spasticity, ulnar nerve and median nerve SPN surgery can treat wrist and finger spasticity, and tibial nerve SPN surgery can treat ankle spasticity. (3) Stereotactic neurosurgery: It is more effective for the symptoms accompanying tremor and torsion spasm. The image stereotactic technique and microelectrode guided neurophysiological technique are used to anatomically localize and functionally localize the inner nuclei of the brain respectively, and then the specific nuclei are destroyed by heating with radiofrequency electrodes, which is accurate and effective. (4) Intrathecal baclofen pump: Intrathecal baclofen pump is a continuous intrathecal baclofen perfusion system. It uses a surgical procedure to bury a programmed pump and catheter in the human body, through which baclofen injection is directly and continuously injected into the cerebrospinal fluid according to the designed dose, which has a significant effect on muscle spasm caused by CP and also improves involuntary movements. (5) Orthopedic surgery: When the child does not receive timely and effective treatment and the limb has developed a significant fixed contracture deformity, orthopedic surgery will be a necessary complement to the aforementioned procedures. In conclusion, cerebral palsy requires a multidisciplinary and long-term comprehensive treatment, which requires persistent commitment from the parents of the child and acceptance of a scientific treatment plan. If the child receives scientific, effective and timely treatment, he or she will be able to acquire basic life and motor skills and gain the basic conditions and opportunities to integrate into society. At present, there are many irregular medical institutions in the society under the guise of fast and effective treatment for cerebral palsy, which is harmful. They not only consume the limited economic resources of the families of the children, but also delay the treatment time of the children. We hope that the families of children with cerebral palsy will choose a regular medical institution and choose a scientific treatment plan. Do not just believe in the propaganda of “miracle treatment” and “minimally invasive treatment” on paper.